热处理工艺对3D打印20Cr13Mo模具钢组织与性能的影响

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2026.01.035

金属热处理 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (1): 236-240.DOI: 10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2026.01.035

热处理工艺对3D打印20Cr13Mo模具钢组织与性能的影响

潘诗良¹, 刘庆冬², 王泽民^3,4, 许媛媛⁴

1.上海朋泰机械科技有限公司, 上海 201406;
2.上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院, 上海 200240;
3.上海应用技术大学材料科学与工程学院, 上海 201418;
4.南通高熵新材料科技有限公司, 江苏南通 226004

收稿日期:2025-07-28 修回日期:2025-10-29 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-01-27
通讯作者: 王泽民,副教授,博士,E-mail: wzm@sit.edu.cn
作者简介:潘诗良(1978—),男,高级技师,学士,主要从事机械核心零部件设计与材料改性处理工作,E-mail: shpt@xctgroup.com
基金资助:
鑫昌泰集团技术发展创新基金(CXJJ-2024007)

Effect of heat treatment processes on microstructure and mechanical properties of 3D printed 20Cr13Mo die steel

Pan Shiliang¹, Liu Qingdong², Wang Zemin^3,4, Xu Yuanyuan⁴

1. Shanghai Pengtai Mechanical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201406, China;
2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
3. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China;
4. Nantong High Entropy New Material Technology Co., Ltd., Nantong Jiangsu 226004, China

Received:2025-07-28 Revised:2025-10-29 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2026-01-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用选择性激光熔化(SLM)技术,即3D打印技术,制备了20Cr13Mo模具钢,并对其进行不同工艺的热处理。利用扫描电镜、硬度测试和冲击测试对其组织与性能进行表征。结果表明,打印态20Cr13Mo模具钢组织主要为针片状高碳马氏体和残留奥氏体,回火后马氏体组织相对较粗,奥氏体组织比例增大。淬火和深冷处理结合后,钢的组织为板条马氏体。打印态20Cr13Mo模具钢硬度以及冲击吸收能量均较低,增加回火后其硬度略微降低,但冲击吸收能量大幅提升。淬火处理后,钢的硬度大幅提升,但冲击吸收能量最低。相对打印态,淬火后增加深冷处理,不仅能提高硬度,还可提升冲击吸收能量。经1030 ℃淬火+－196 ℃深冷+250 ℃回火后,20Cr13Mo模具钢具有最佳的综合力学性能。

关键词: 选择性激光熔化, 20Cr13Mo模具钢, 淬火, 深冷处理, 回火, 组织, 力学性能

Abstract: Through selective laser melting (SLM) technology, namely 3D printing technology, 20Cr13Mo die steel was prepared, and subsequently subjected to different heat treatments. The microstructure and mechanical properties were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, hardness test and impact test. The results indicate that the microstructure of the printed 20Cr13Mo die steel is mainly composed of needle-like high-carbon martensite and retained austenite. After tempering, the martensitic microstructure becomes relatively coarse, and the proportion of austenite increases. Following the combined process of quenching and cryogenic treatment, the microstructure transforms into lath martensite. The as-printed steel exhibits relatively low hardness and impact absorbed energy. Although tempering slightly reduces hardness, it significantly improves impact absorbed energy. Quenching leads to a substantial increase in hardness but the lowest impact absorbed energy. Compared with the as-printed condition, introducing cryogenic treatment after quenching not only enhances hardness but also increases impact absorbed energy. The optimal combination of strength and toughness is achieved after quenching at 1030 ℃, cryogenic treatment at -196 ℃, and tempering at 250 ℃.

Key words: selective laser melting, 20Cr13Mo die steel, quenching, cryogenic treatment, tempering, microstructure, mechanical properties

中图分类号:

TG142.1

潘诗良, 刘庆冬, 王泽民, 许媛媛. 热处理工艺对3D打印20Cr13Mo模具钢组织与性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2026, 51(1): 236-240.

Pan Shiliang, Liu Qingdong, Wang Zemin, Xu Yuanyuan. Effect of heat treatment processes on microstructure and mechanical properties of 3D printed 20Cr13Mo die steel[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2026, 51(1): 236-240.

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热处理工艺对3D打印20Cr13Mo模具钢组织与性能的影响

Effect of heat treatment processes on microstructure and mechanical properties of 3D printed 20Cr13Mo die steel

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