热处理对等离子弧增材制造Ti-6Al-4V合金微观组织与力学性能的影响

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2026.01.036

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用等离子弧增材制造(Plasma arc additive manufacturing)技术制备Ti-6Al-4V钛合金沉积试样,对其进行不同制度的去应力退火和固溶时效处理,通过光学显微镜和力学性能测试分析了不同热处理工艺对等离子弧增材制造Ti-6Al-4V钛合金微观组织与力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,经去应力退火后Ti-6Al-4V钛合金主要为网篮组织,随着退火温度的升高,片层α相逐渐长大,组织粗化,试样强度降低,伸长率提高,但退火冷却速率的变化对试样微观组织和力学性能的影响不大。经固溶时效处理后Ti-6Al-4V钛合金基体相也为网篮组织,但组织均匀性提高,力学性能更加优异。经去应力退火和固溶时效处理后的Ti-6Al-4V钛合金均存在力学性能各向异性,且X方向和Z方向的力学性能差异较大,表现为Z方向的伸长率远远高于X方向,而强度则相反。建议采用920 ℃固溶1.5 h,水淬+500 ℃时效2 h,空冷的热处理制度,等离子弧增材制造Ti-6Al-4V钛合金具有最佳的综合力学性能。

关键词: 热处理, 等离子弧增材制造, 钛合金, 微观组织, 力学性能

Abstract: Ti-6Al-4V deposition specimens were fabricated by using plasma arc additive manufacturing technology, and subjected to different stress relief annealing processes and solution and aging treatments, respectively. The effect of different heat treatment process on microstructure and mechanical properties of the plasma arc additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy was investigated by means of optical microscope and mechanical property test. The results indicate that after stress relief annealing, the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy is mainly basketweave microstructure. With the increase of annealing temperature, the lamella α phases gradually grow, leading to microstructural coarsening, so that the strength decreases, and the elongation increases, however, the variation in cooling rate of the stress relief annealing has little effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties. After solution and aging treatment, the matrix of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy is also basketweave microstructure, but the uniformity of the microstructure is improved and the mechanical properties are more excellent. Anisotropy of mechanical properties exists in Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy after stress relief annealing processes and solution and aging treatments, and the difference in mechanical properties between the X direction and the Z direction is significant, which is the elongation in the Z direction is much higher than that in the X direction, while the strength is exactly the opposite. It is recommended to select the heat treatment of solution treatment at 920 ℃ for 1.5 h, water quenching and aging at 500 ℃ for 2 h, air cooling for the plasma arc additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy, which can obtain the best comprehensive mechanical properties.

Key words: heat treatment, plasma arc additive manufacturing, titanium alloy, microstructure, mechanical properties

中图分类号:

TG166.5

王亚齐, 李亚萍, 乔柳平, 唐俊榕, 陈沙. 热处理对等离子弧增材制造Ti-6Al-4V合金微观组织与力学性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2026, 51(1): 241-247.

Wang Yaqi, Li Yaping, Qiao Liuping, Tang Junrong, Chen Sha. Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated by plasma arc additive manufacturing[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2026, 51(1): 241-247.

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