激光熔覆316L/双尺度SiC复合涂层的结构与摩擦磨损性能

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2025.09.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用激光熔覆技术在Q235钢表面制备了316L/双尺度SiC的复合熔覆涂层,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析熔覆涂层的微观组织结构和相成分,通过显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机测试了熔覆涂层硬度与耐磨性。结果表明,激光熔覆过程中,微米级SiC部分分解,纳米级SiC完全分解,分解的SiC在熔覆涂层中生成新的强化相FeSi、Fe₇C₃、Cr₃C₂。新的强化相弥散分布在熔覆涂层内,残留的SiC相产生钉扎效应,减小晶粒尺寸,细化晶粒,两者通过耦合作用有效地增强了熔覆涂层的硬度。10%SiC涂层硬度达到780 HV0.3,与Q235钢基体相比提高了3.3倍,与316L熔覆涂层相比提高了1.1倍。随着SiC含量增加,熔覆涂层的磨损机制由疲劳磨损转变为磨粒磨损。10%SiC涂层磨损量为0.1 mg,与316L熔覆涂层相比耐磨性能提升了25倍。

关键词: 激光熔覆, 双尺度SiC, 晶粒尺寸, 硬度, 摩擦磨损性能

Abstract: Laser cladding was used to prepare 316L/dual-scale SiC composite coatings on the Q235 steel. The microstructure and phase composition of the coating were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The hardness and wear resistance of the coating were tested by using microhardness tester and friction-wear testing machine. The results show that during the laser cladding process, the micron-sized SiC partially decomposes, while the nano-sized SiC decomposes completely. The decomposed SiC forms new strengthening phases such as FeSi, Fe₇C₃, and Cr₃C₂ in the coating. The new strengthening phases are dispersedly distributed in the coating, and the residual SiC phases produce pinning effect, which reduces the grain size and refines the grains. Through coupling effect, both effectively enhance the hardness of the coating. The hardness of the 10%SiC coating reaches 780 HV0.3, which is 3.3 times higher than that of the Q235 steel substrate and 1.1 times higher than that of the 316L coating. With the increase of SiC content, the wear mechanism of the coating transforms from fatigue wear to abrasive wear. The wear loss of the 10% SiC coating is 0.1 mg, and its wear resistance is 25 times higher than that of the 316L coating.

Key words: laser cladding, two-scale SiC, grain size, hardness, friction-wear properties

中图分类号:

TG146

李鹏宇, 董会, 张永杰, 冯玉坤, 周勇. 激光熔覆316L/双尺度SiC复合涂层的结构与摩擦磨损性能[J]. 金属热处理, 2025, 50(9): 39-46.

Li Pengyu, Dong Hui, Zhang Yongjie, Feng Yukun, Zhou Yong. Microstructure and friction-wear properties of 316L/double-scale SiC composite coating by laser cladding[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2025, 50(9): 39-46.

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