循环淬火回火对渗碳齿轮钢组织与力学性能的影响

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2025.12.016

金属热处理 ›› 2025, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (12): 104-110.DOI: 10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2025.12.016

循环淬火回火对渗碳齿轮钢组织与力学性能的影响

刘鑫^1,2,4, 车翰林³, 尉文超¹, 杨昊¹, 何肖飞¹, 朱嘉⁴, 张弛³, 王毛球¹

1.钢铁研究总院有限公司特殊钢研究院, 北京 100081;
2.昆明理工大学材料科学与工程学院, 云南昆明 650093;
3.清华大学材料科学与工程学院先进材料教育部重点实验室, 北京 100084;
4.中国机械总院集团北京机电研究所有限公司, 北京 100083

收稿日期:2025-07-21 修回日期:2025-10-27 发布日期:2026-01-06
通讯作者: 王毛球,教授级高工,博士,E-mail: wangmaoqiu@nercast.com
作者简介:刘鑫(1996—),女,硕士,主要研究方向为合金结构钢,E-mail:liuxin_lacey@163.com。
基金资助:
钢铁研究总院有限公司自主投入项目(事25T60310Z)

Effect of cyclic quenching and tempering on microstructure and mechanical properties of carburized gear steel

Liu Xin^1,2,4, Che Hanlin³, Yu Wenchao², Yang Hao², He Xiaofei², Zhu Jia¹, Zhang Chi³, Wang Maoqiu²

1. Research Institute of Special Steels, Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 100081, China;
2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Yunnan 650093, China;
3. Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
4. China Academy of Machinery Beijing Research Institute of Mechanical & Electrical Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, China

Received:2025-07-21 Revised:2025-10-27 Published:2026-01-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、硬度、室温拉伸试验等研究了循环淬火回火对18CrNiMo7-6渗碳齿轮钢显微组织与力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,经过3次淬火回火循环后,渗层奥氏体晶粒尺寸由原始状态的31.3 μm细化至7.6 μm,心部奥氏体晶粒尺寸由27.9 μm细化至8.4 μm,且晶粒均匀性显著改善。循环过程中,马氏体向奥氏体转变产生的相变储能提供了晶粒细化驱动力,而多次循环后残余应力及位错的逐步消除限制了再结晶大幅细化效果。循环后渗层表面硬度维持在约700 HV,高于原始状态,而心部硬度变化不明显。抗拉强度和屈服强度均随循环次数增加而提高,其中抗拉强度在3次循环后达到峰值2066 MPa,屈服强度在2次循环后达到峰值1452 MPa。强度的提升主要归因于位错强化、细晶强化及析出强化的协同作用。

关键词: 齿轮钢, 渗碳, 循环淬火回火, 晶粒细化, 力学性能

Abstract: Effect of cyclic quenching and tempering on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 18CrNiMo7-6 carburized gear steel was investigated by using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, hardness measurements, and room-temperature tensile testing. The results show that after three cycles of quenching and tempering, the austenite grain size in the carburized layer is refined from 31.3 μm to 7.6 μm, while the core grain size is decreased from 27.9 μm to 8.4 μm, and the uniformity of the grains is significantly improved. During the cycling process, the phase transformation energy storage from martensite to austenite provides the driving force for grain refinement. However, the gradual elimination of residual stress and dislocations after multiple cycles limits the effectiveness of recrystallization-driven refinement. The hardness of the carburized surface layer is maintained at approximately 700 HV, higher than that in the original state, while the core hardness remains unchanged. The tensile strength and yield strength are increased with the number of cycles. The tensile strength reaches the peak at 2066 MPa after three cycles, while the yield strength reaches its maximum of 1452 MPa after two cycles. The strength enhancements are primarily attributed to the synergistic effects of dislocation strengthening, grain refinement strengthening, and precipitation strengthening.

Key words: gear steel, carburizing, cyclic quenching and tempering, grain refinement, mechanical properties

中图分类号:

TG142.1

刘鑫, 车翰林, 尉文超, 杨昊, 何肖飞, 朱嘉, 张弛, 王毛球. 循环淬火回火对渗碳齿轮钢组织与力学性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2025, 50(12): 104-110.

Liu Xin, Che Hanlin, Yu Wenchao, Yang Hao, He Xiaofei, Zhu Jia, Zhang Chi, Wang Maoqiu. Effect of cyclic quenching and tempering on microstructure and mechanical properties of carburized gear steel[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2025, 50(12): 104-110.

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循环淬火回火对渗碳齿轮钢组织与力学性能的影响

Effect of cyclic quenching and tempering on microstructure and mechanical properties of carburized gear steel

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