金属热处理 ›› 2025, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (9): 175-180.DOI: 10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2025.09.028

• 工艺研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

深冷处理对40CrNiMo钢组织与性能的影响

张海东1, 闫献国2, 向瑾1, 李晋峰3, 高丽梅3   

  1. 1.晋中学院 机械系, 山西 晋中 030619;
    2.太原科技大学 机械工程学院,山西 太原 030024;
    3.晋西车轴股份有限公司, 山西 太原 030027
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-14 修回日期:2025-08-08 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-10-13
  • 作者简介:张海东(1986—),男,讲师,博士,主要研究方向为先进制造技术,E-mail: tronmek@outlook.com。
  • 基金资助:
    山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2022L496);国家自然科学基金(51675363)

Effect of cryogenic treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of 40CrNiMo steel

Zhang Haidong1, Yan Xianguo2, Xiang Jin1, Li Jinfeng3, Gao Limei3   

  1. 1. Department of Mechanics, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong Shanxi 030619, China;
    2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan Shanxi 030024, China;
    3. Jinxi Axle Co., Ltd., Taiyuan Shanxi 030027, China
  • Received:2025-05-14 Revised:2025-08-08 Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-10-13

摘要: 对40CrNiMo钢进行形变热处理+深冷处理+回火处理后,对不同深冷温度(-80、-160 ℃)下40CrNiMo钢的组织与性能进行观察和测试。结果表明,深冷处理对40CrNiMo钢的硬度和抗弯强度的影响不明显,但显著降低摩擦因数、提高耐磨性和降低冲击性能,且-160 ℃深冷处理相比-80 ℃深冷处理对40CrNiMo钢耐磨性和冲击性能的影响更大,主要原因在于深冷处理促进40CrNiMo钢中细小碳化物弥散析出,从而提高40CrNiMo钢的磨粒磨损程度,降低黏着磨损和氧化磨损程度,加剧40CrNiMo钢的脆性断裂程度。

关键词: 40CrNiMo钢, 深冷处理, 力学性能, 微观组织

Abstract: After thermomechanical heat treatment, cryogenic treatment (-80 ℃ and -160 ℃) and tempering treatment, the microstructure and properties of 40CrNiMo steel were tested and observed. The results show that the effect of cryogenic treatment on the hardness and bending strength of the steel is not significant, but cryogenic treatment significantly decreases the friction coefficient, improves the wear resistance and reduces the impact property of the steel. Furthermore, cryogenic treatment at -160 ℃ has more effect on wear resistance and impact property than cryogenic treatment at -80 ℃. The main reason is that cryogenic treatment can promote precipitation of fine carbides in the 40CrNiMo steel, thereby increasing the wear resistance, reducing the adhesive wear and oxidation wear, and exacerbating the brittle fracture of the steel.

Key words: 40CrNiMo steel, cryogenic treatment, mechanical properties, microstructure

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