热处理工艺对30NiCrMoV12钢组织与性能的影响

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2025.11.047

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过显微组织观察、拉伸试验、冲击试验、断口形貌观察等手段研究了淬火(850~940 ℃)和回火(580~620 ℃)对30NiCrMoV12车轴钢微观组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着淬火温度的升高,30NiCrMoV12钢的奥氏体晶粒尺寸逐渐增加,880 ℃淬火后,晶粒平均尺寸为16.5 μm,均匀性最好。随着回火温度的升高,30NiCrMoV12钢的强度逐渐升高,塑韧性逐渐降低,最佳回火温度为600 ℃。经880 ℃淬火+600 ℃回火后,30NiCrMoV12钢组织为回火索氏体,拉伸断口为韧性断裂,其抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率、横向和纵向冲击吸收能量分别为992.5 MPa 、885.7MPa、18.9%、39 J和64 J,各项性能均满足GB/T 5068—2019要求,且具有一定余量。

关键词: 30NiCrMoV12钢, 淬火, 回火, 显微组织, 力学性能

Abstract: Effect of quenching at 850-940 ℃ and tempering at 580-620 ℃ on microstructure and mechanical properties of 30NiCrMoV12 axle steel was investigated by means of microstructure observation, tensile test, impact test, fracture morphology observation, and other methods. The results show that as the quenching temperature increases, the austenite grain size of the 30NiCrMoV12 steel gradually increases, and the average grain size of the steel quenched at 880 ℃ is 16.5 μm, and the uniformity is the best. As the tempering temperature increases, the strength of the steel gradually increases, and the plasticity and toughness gradually decrease. The optimal tempering temperature is 600 ℃. The microstructure of the steel is tempered martensite after quenched at 880 ℃ and tempered at 600 ℃, the tensile fracture surface is ductile fracture. The tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, transverse and longitudinal impact absorbed energies are 992.5 MPa, 885.7 MPa, 18.9%, 39 J, and 64 J, respectively, where all the properties meet the requirements of GB/T 5068—2019 standard, and have a certain margin.

Key words: 30NiCrMoV12 steel, quenching, tempering, microstructure, mechanical properties

中图分类号:

TG156.94

陶军, 匡园. 热处理工艺对30NiCrMoV12钢组织与性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2025, 50(11): 318-321.

Tao Jun, Kuang Yuan. Effect of heat treatment process on microstructure and mechanical properties of 30NiCrMoV12 steel[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2025, 50(11): 318-321.

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