回火温度对42CrMo钢组织与力学性能的影响

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2026.01.031

金属热处理 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (1): 214-220.DOI: 10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2026.01.031

回火温度对42CrMo钢组织与力学性能的影响

嵇萌萌, 翁华晶, 朱晓磊, 陆晓峰, 王健

南京工业大学机械与动力工程学院, 江苏南京 211816

收稿日期:2025-08-18 修回日期:2025-11-17 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-01-27
通讯作者: 王健,副教授,博士,E-mail:njjwang@njtech.edu.cn
作者简介:嵇萌萌(2000—),女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为电弧增材制造数值模拟,E-mail:446645158@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年项目(52401052);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2023M741672)

Effect of tempering temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of 42CrMo steel

Ji Mengmeng, Weng Huajing, Zhu Xiaolei, Lu Xiaofeng, Wang Jian

School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing Jiangsu 211816, China

Received:2025-08-18 Revised:2025-11-17 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2026-01-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对850 ℃淬火后的42CrMo钢进行不同温度(550~590 ℃)的回火处理,采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)及电子背散射衍射(EBSD)等手段研究了回火温度对42CrMo钢组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,42CrMo钢在550~590 ℃回火后,随着回火温度升高,淬火马氏体逐渐发生分解,渗碳体由片状向颗粒状或弥散状形貌转变,组织均匀性提升。在570 ℃回火时,42CrMo钢的回火索氏体形貌更为典型,组织更稳定。随着回火温度的升高,42CrMo钢的强度和硬度逐渐降低,伸长率逐渐增大,冲击吸收能量先升高后降低。经570 ℃回火后的42CrMo钢获得了较优的强度、塑性和韧性匹配,表现出良好的综合力学性能,满足矿山机械重载齿轮类的使用需求。

关键词: 42CrMo钢, 热处理, 显微组织, 力学性能

Abstract: 42CrMo steel quenched at 850 ℃ was subject to tempering between 550-590 ℃ to clarify the effect of tempering temperature on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties by means of OM, SEM, and EBSD analyses. The results reveal that when tempered at higher temperature in the range of 550-590 ℃, the martensite gradually decomposes and the cementite transforms from lamellar to finely dispersed morphologies, so that the microstructural uniformity is improved. When tempered at 570 ℃, the tempered martensite of the 42CrMo steel is well-defined and the microstructure is stable. With the increase of tempering temperature, the strength and hardness of the 42CrMo steel decrease, whereas the ductility increases, meanwhile, the impact absorbed energy rises first and then declines. Optimal balance of strength, ductility and toughness of the 42CrMo steel can be obtained after tempering at 570 ℃, which shows good comprehensive mechanical properties, meeting the demands of heavy-duty gear applications.

Key words: 42CrMo steel, heat treatment, microstructure, mechanical properties

中图分类号:

TG156.1

嵇萌萌, 翁华晶, 朱晓磊, 陆晓峰, 王健. 回火温度对42CrMo钢组织与力学性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2026, 51(1): 214-220.

Ji Mengmeng, Weng Huajing, Zhu Xiaolei, Lu Xiaofeng, Wang Jian. Effect of tempering temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of 42CrMo steel[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2026, 51(1): 214-220.

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回火温度对42CrMo钢组织与力学性能的影响

Effect of tempering temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of 42CrMo steel

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