回火温度对A514CrQ齿条钢组织与性能的影响

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2025.06.024

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究了回火温度(350~750 ℃)对A514CrQ齿条钢显微组织演变、室温拉伸性能和－40 ℃低温韧性的影响。结果表明,随回火温度升高,平均有效晶粒尺寸从10.3 μm增大至29.1 μm。经350~450 ℃回火后获得回火屈氏体,在550 ℃及以上回火得到回火索氏体;当回火温度升至750 ℃,渗碳体颗粒显著粗化。随回火温度从350 ℃升至650 ℃,抗拉强度从1084.0 MPa下降至869.5 MPa,但升至750 ℃时又小幅回升至883.9 MPa;而屈服强度从968.5 MPa下降至685.6 MPa,伸长率从12.8%增大到23.2%。当回火温度从350 ℃升高至650 ℃,－40 ℃冲击吸收能量达到峰值107.7 J,继续升高至750 ℃,冲击吸收能量基本持平。结合显微组织、断口形貌和裂纹扩展行为分析,回火温度对室温拉伸性能和低温韧性的影响主要与有效晶粒尺寸、渗碳体析出、α相的软化及二次裂纹的形成有关。

关键词: 齿条钢, 回火温度, 组织, 拉伸性能, 低温韧性

Abstract: Influence of tempering temperature (350-750 ℃) on microstructure evolution, room temperature tensile properties, and －40 ℃ low-temperature toughness of A514CrQ rack steel was studied. The results indicate that as the tempering temperature increases, the average effective grain size increases from 10.3 μm to 29.1 μm. Tempered troostite is obtained after tempering at 350-450 ℃, and tempered sorbite is obtained after tempering at 550 ℃ and above. When the tempering temperature is raised to 750 ℃, cementite particles are significantly coarsened. As the tempering temperature increases from 350 ℃ to 650 ℃, the tensile strength decreases from 1084.0 MPa to 869.5 MPa, but slightly rebounds to 883.9 MPa at 750 ℃. While the yield strength decreases linearly from 968.5 MPa to 685.6 MPa, and the elongation increases from 12.8% to 23.2%. When the tempering temperature increases from 350 ℃ to 650 ℃, the impact absorbed energy reaches the maximum of 107.7 J, but as the tempering temperature further increases to 750 ℃, the impact absorbed energy is almost unchanged. Based on the analysis of microstructure, fracture morphology, and crack propagation behavior, the influence of tempering temperature on room temperature tensile properties and low-temperature toughness is mainly related to the effective grain size, cementite precipitation, softening of α phase and formation of secondary cracks.

Key words: rack steel, tempering temperature, microstructure, tensile properties, low-temperature toughness

中图分类号:

TG113.1

赵广迪, 臧喜民, 刘志超, 井玉安. 回火温度对A514CrQ齿条钢组织与性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2025, 50(6): 153-163.

Zhao Guangdi, Zang Ximin, Liu Zhichao, Jing Yu'an. Influence of tempering temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of A514CrQ rack steel[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2025, 50(6): 153-163.

参考文献

[1] 杨松. 浅谈我国海洋石油勘探开发装备的现状及发展趋势[J]. 中国资源综合利用, 2017, 35(10): 131-132.
Yang Song. Present situation and development trend of offshore oil exploration and development equipments in China[J]. China Resources Comprehensive Utilization, 2017, 35(10): 131-132.
[2] 穆龙新. 新形势下中国石油海外油气资源发展战略面临的挑战及对策[J]. 国际石油经济, 2017, 25(4): 7-10.
Mu Longxin. Challenges and countermeasures of CNPC overseas oil and gas resources development strategy under the new situation[J]. International Petroleum Economics, 2017, 25(4): 7-10.
[3] 王浩强, 于海涛, 杨志洪. 海洋平台用改进型A517Gr.Q钢的研制[J]. 一重技术, 2018, (1): 48-52.
Wang Haoqiang, Yu Haitao, Yang Zhihong. Research and development of improved A517Cr.Q steel for off-shore platforms[J]. CFHI Technology, 2018(1): 48-52.
[4] 刘艳, 曹建宁, 耿明山. 海洋平台用齿条钢特厚板坯料水冷模铸技术研发[J]. 钢铁, 2018, 53(2): 91-96.
Liu Yan, Cao Jianning, Geng Mingshan. Research and development of water-cooled casting technology for over-thick ingot blanks of offshore platform rack plate[J]. Iron and Steel, 2018, 53(2): 91-96.
[5] 李月清. 多极合作时代的石油困局——多维度透视新时期我国石油公司国内外油气资源战略[J]. 中国石油企业, 2018(11): 38-39, 109.
Li Yueqing. The oil dilemma in the era of multi-polar cooperation scheme—Multi-dimensional perspective of the domestic and international oil and gas resources strategy of China's oil companies in the new era[J]. China Petroleum Enterprise, 2018(11): 38-39, 109.
[6] 杜伟, 李鹤林. 海洋石油平台用钢的现状与发展趋势(三)[J]. 石油管材与仪器, 2016, 2(5): 1-9.
Du Wei, Li Helin. Status and development trends of offshore platform steels Ⅲ[J]. Petroleum Tubular Goods & Instruments, 2016, 2(5): 1-9.
[7] 高珊, 李冰, 章传国. 海洋平台用高强度齿条钢的研制[J]. 宝钢技术, 2012(5): 1-8.
Gao Shan, Li Bing, Zhang Chuanguo. Research and development of high strength structural plates for jack-up offshore platform racks[J]. Baosteel Technology, 2012(5): 1-8.
[8] 佚名. 河钢又一次打破国外垄断！将成海洋平台用钢大赢家？[J]. 中国机电工业, 2016(1): 90.
[9] 高珊, 李冰. 宝钢海洋工程用钢的发展与应用[C]//2013海洋平台用钢国际研讨会. 2013: 130-137.
[10] 张文昊, 赵洁, 顾洪, 等. 中国极地油气资源开发装备产业现状及发展策略建议[J]. 国际石油经济, 2021, 29(3): 33-38.
Zhang Wenhao, Zhao Jie, Gu Hong, et al. Current situations and development measures of equipment industry of arctic oil and gas development in China[J]. International Petroleum Economics, 2021, 29(3): 33-38.
[11] 王文博. 海洋工程用特厚齿条钢组织与性能研究[D]. 沈阳: 东北大学, 2020.
Wang Wenbo. Study on microstructure and properties of heavy-gauge gear rack steel for marine engineering[D]. Shenyang: Northeastern University, 2020.
[12] 谢良法, 韦明, 叶建军, 等. 舞钢海洋平台用高强钢的开发及应用[C]//2013海洋平台用钢国际研讨会. 2013: 158-166.
[13] 赵广迪, 臧喜民, 刘志超, 等. 淬火工艺对A514CrQ齿条钢显微组织演变及硬度的影响[J]. 特殊钢, 2024, 45(6): 73-82.
Zhao Guangdi, Zang Ximin, Liu Zhichao, et al. Influence of quenching process on the microstructure evolution and hardness of A514CrQ rack steel[J]. Special Steel, 2024, 45(6): 73-82.
[14] Li C W, Han L Z, Luo X M, et al. Effect of tempering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a reactor pressure vessel steel[J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials: Materials Aspects of Fission and Fusion, 2016, 477: 246-256.
[15] Li Hongying, Hu Jidong, Li Jun, et al. Effect of tempering temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI 6150 steel[J]. Journal of Central South University, 2013, 20(4): 866-870.
[16] Cheng X Y, Zhang H X, Li H, et al. Effect of tempering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties in mooring chain steel[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2015, 636: 164-171.
[17] 李龙飞, 夏杨青, 孙祖庆, 等. 中碳钢回火马氏体热变形过程中的铁素体动态再结晶[J]. 金属学报, 2010, 46(1): 19-26.
Li Longfei, Xia Yangqing, Sun Zuqing, et al. Dynamic recrystallization of ferrite in a medium-carbon steel with tempered martensite structure during hot deformation[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2010, 46(1): 19-26.
[18] 李雪峰, 王春芬, 王嘉敏. 回火马氏体与回火索氏体辨析[J]. 热处理, 2012, 27(4): 12-16.
Li Xuefeng, Wang Chunfen, Wang Jiamin. Distrimination of tempered martensite form tempered sorbite[J]. Heat Treatment, 2012, 27(4): 12-16.
[19] 刘自勇, 杨涤心, 谢敬佩, 等. ZG80Cr2MnMoSi钢的回火特性及磨损机理[J]. 金属热处理, 2012, 37(2): 20-24.
Liu Ziyong, Yang Dixin, Xie Jingpei, et al. Tempering characteristics and wear mechanisms of ZG80Cr2MnMoSi steel[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2012, 37(2): 20-24.
[20] 大连工学院. 金属学及热处理[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1975.
[21] 崔忠圻, 刘北兴. 金属学与热处理原理[M]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 2004.
[22] Zhou Qi, Li Zhuang, Wei Zhanshan, et al. Microstructural features and precipitation behavior of Ti, Nb and V microalloyed steel during isothermal processing[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International, 2019, 26: 102-111.
[23] 陈俊丹, 莫文林, 王培, 等. 回火温度对42CrMo钢冲击韧性的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2012, 48(10): 1186-1193.
Chen Jundan, Mo Wenlin, Wang Pei, et al. Effects of tempering temperature on the impact toughness of steel 42CrMo[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2012, 48(10): 1186-1193.
[24] Schwarz K T, Kormout K S, Pippan R, et al. Impact of severe plastic deformation on microstructure and fracture toughness evolution of a duplex-steel[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2017, 703: 173-179.
[25] 李小陶. 示波冲击曲线浅析[J]. 理化检验: 物理分册, 2020, 56(10): 18-21.
Li Xiaotao. Analysis of oscillographic impact curve[J]. Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis (Part A: Physical Testing), 2020, 56(10): 18-21.
[26] 吴志伟, 武雪婷, 张军, 等. 回火温度对低碳高合金轴承钢组织及冲击性能的影响[J]. 钢铁钒钛, 2023, 44(3): 138-143.
Wu Zhiwei, Wu Xueting, Zhang Jun, et al. Effect of tempering temperature on microstructure and impact properties of low-carbon high-alloy bearing steel[J]. Iron Steel Vanadium Titanium, 2023, 44(3): 138-143.
[27] Speich G R, Leslie W C. Tempering of steel[J]. Metallurgical Transactions, 1972, 3: 1043-1054.
[28] 梁晓东, 吕加伟, 闫浩, 等. 回火温度对C61齿轮钢显微组织和力学性能的影响[J]. 材料热处理学报, 2022, 43(1): 84-91.
Liang Xiaodong, Lü Jiawei, Yan Hao, et al. Effect of tempering temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of C61 gear steel[J]. Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment, 2022, 43(1): 84-91.
[29] Liu Fenggang, Lin Xin, Song Menghua, et al. Effect of tempering temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of laser solid formed 300M steel[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2016, 689: 225-232.
[30] Tariq Fawad, Naz Nausheen, Baloch Rasheed Ahmed, et al. Evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties during quenching and tempering of ultrahigh strength 0. 3 C Si-Mn-Cr-Mo low alloy steel[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2010, 45: 1695-1708.
[31] 周强, 曹燕光, 杨庚蔚, 等. 回火温度对700 MPa级大梁钢组织和性能的影响[J]. 钢铁, 2023, 58(10): 102-110.
Zhou Qiang, Cao Yanguang, Yang Gengwei, et al. Effect of tempering temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of 700 MPa grade beam steel[J]. Iron and Steel, 2023, 58(10): 102-110.
[32] 侯增寿, 卢光熙. 金属学原理[M]. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社, 1990.
[33] Gladman T. Precipitation hardening in metals[J]. Materials Science and Technology, 1999, 15(1): 30-36.
[34] 阚立烨, 叶其斌, 田勇, 等. Cu-NiAl纳米复合析出强化钢回火工艺[J]. 钢铁, 2021, 56(2): 105-109.
Kan Liye, Ye Qibin, Tian Yong, et al. Tempering process of Cu-NiAl nano co-precipitation strengthened steel[J]. Iron and Steel, 2021, 56(2): 105-109.
[35] Xie Z J, Ma X P, Shang C J, et al. Nano-sized precipitation and properties of a low carbon niobium micro-alloyed bainitic steel[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2015, 641: 37-44.
[36] 代发明, 蒋欣, 王凌旭, 等. 回火温度对35CrMo钢显微组织和力学性能的影响[J]. 机械工程材料, 2018, 42(9): 73-77.
Dai Faming, Jiang Xin, Wang Lingxu, et al. Effect of tempering temperature on microstructure and mechnical properties of 35CrMo steel[J]. Materials for Mechanical Engineering, 2018, 42(9): 73-77.
[37] 张乐, 刘莹莹, 薛希豪, 等. 显微组织对TC18合金裂纹扩展速率的影响[J]. 稀有金属, 2018, 42(6): 594-600.
Zhang Le, Liu Yingying, Xue Xihao, et al. Crack growth rate of TC18 alloy with different microstructure[J]. Chinese Journal of Rare Metals, 2018, 42(6): 594-600.
[38] Hou Wei, Liu Qingdong, Gu Jianfeng. Nano-sized austenite and Cu precipitates formed by using intercritical tempering plus tempering and their effect on the mechanical property in a low carbon Cu bearing 7Ni steel[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2020, 780: 139186.
[39] 殷会芳, 杨钢, 赵吉庆. 回火温度对COST-FB2转子钢析出相与力学性能的影响[J]. 钢铁, 2021, 56(5): 91-97.
Yin Huifang, Yang Gang, Zhao Jiqing. Tempering temperature effect on precipitation and properties of COST-FB2 rotor steel[J]. Iron and Steel, 2021, 56(5): 91-97.
[40] 龚雪婷, 武志广, 李鑫, 等. 热处理工艺对20Cr1Mo1VTiB螺栓钢组织及性能的影响[J]. 钢铁, 2018, 53(12): 105-111.
Gong Xueting, Wu Zhiguang, Li Xin, et al. Effect of heat treatment process on microstructure and mechanical properties of 20Cr1Mo1VTiB steel[J]. Iron and Steel, 2018, 53(12): 105-111.
[41] Yan Peng, Liu Zhengdong, Bao Hansheng, et al. Effect of tempering temperature on the toughness of 9Cr-3W-3Co martensitic heat resistant steel[J]. Materials and Design, 2014, 54: 874-879.