热变形温度对高强塑积汽车用中锰钢组织与性能的影响

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2026.01.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为提升汽车用中锰钢的强塑积,对中锰钢进行了不同温度的热加工变形。采用扫描电镜、透射电镜和拉伸试验机等研究了不同变形温度(750~1050 ℃)下汽车用中锰钢的显微组织和力学性能变化,并分析了其作用机理。结果表明,不同温度变形后退火态中锰钢中均可见板条马氏体、薄膜状残留奥氏体和碳化物,其中,析出相以块状或者颗粒状(Nb,V)C相为主。随着变形温度从750 ℃增加至1050 ℃,析出相平均尺寸先减小后增大,在变形温度为950 ℃时取得最小值(20 nm),此时碳化物在基体中弥散分布,板条马氏体平均宽度为0.34 μm。随变形温度升高,中锰钢的抗拉强度逐渐减小,屈服强度和断后伸长率先增后减,在变形温度为950 ℃时取得最大值。变形温度为950 ℃时,中锰钢取得最大强塑积(33.238 GPa·%),这主要与组织中板条马氏体平均宽度减小、残留奥氏体含量较高,以及细小碳化物弥散析出有关。

关键词: 中锰钢, 变形温度, 显微组织, 析出相, 力学性能

Abstract: In order to improve the strength-ductility balance of medium manganese steel for automobiles, thermal deformation was carried out at different temperatures. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the medium manganese steel for automobiles were studied at different deformation temperatures (750-1050 ℃) by using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and tensile testing machine, and the action mechanism was analyzed. The results show that lath martensite, thin film retained austenite and carbides appear in the annealed manganese steel at different deformation temperatures, in which the precipitates are mainly massive or granular (Nb, V)C phase. As the deformation temperature increases from 750 ℃ to 1050 ℃, the average size of precipitates first decreases and then increases, the minimum value (20 nm) is obtained at deformation temperature of 950 ℃, at this time, carbides are dispersed in the matrix, and the average width of lath martensite is 0.34 μm. With the increase of deformation temperature, the tensile strength of the medium manganese steel gradually decreases, the yield strength and elongation first increase and then decrease, and the maximum product of strength and plasticity (33.238 GPa·%) is obtained at deformation temperature of 950 ℃, which is mainly related to the reduction of the average width of lath martensite, the high content of retained austenite, and the dispersion of fine carbides.

Key words: medium manganese steel, deformation temperature, microstructure, precipitates, mechanical properties

中图分类号:

包科杰, 赵强, 李月梅. 热变形温度对高强塑积汽车用中锰钢组织与性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2026, 51(1): 116-123.

Bao Kejie, Zhao Qiang , Li Yuemei. Effect of thermal deformation temperature on microstructure and properties of medium manganese steel for automobile with high product of strength and plasticity[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2026, 51(1): 116-123.

参考文献

[1] 刘倩, 郑小平, 张荣华, 等. 新型汽车用高强度中锰钢研究现状及发展趋势[J]. 材料导报, 2019, 33(7): 1215-1220.
Liu Qian, Zheng Xiaoping, Zhang Ronghua, et al. Medium manganese high strength steel for automotive application: Status quo and prospects[J]. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(7): 1215-1220.
[2] 宋仁伯, 霍巍丰, 周乃鹏, 等. Fe-Mn-Al-C系中锰钢的研究现状与发展前景[J]. 工程科学学报, 2020, 42(7): 814-828.
Song Renbo, Huo Weifeng, Zhou Naipeng, et al. Research progress and prospect of Fe-Mn-Al-C medium Mn steels[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2020, 42(7): 814-828.
[3] 韩赟, 刘华赛, 肖宝亮. 我国汽车用钢开发应用现状及发展趋势[J]. 轧钢, 2024, 41(5): 108-120.
Han Yun, Liu Huasai, Xiao Baoliang. Progress in the development and application of automotive steels in China[J]. Steel Rolling, 2024, 41(5): 108-120.
[4] 柴金荣. 中锰钢组织、热处理工艺和性能的研究现状[J]. 机械工程材料, 2024, 48(12): 9-18.
Chai Jinrong. Research status on microstructure, heat treatment process and properties of medium manganese steel[J]. Materials for Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 48(12): 9-18.
[5] 刘腾, 朱政强. 第三代汽车用中锰钢研究现状[J]. 兵器材料科学与工程, 2019, 42(6): 102-108.
Liu Teng, Zhu Zhenqiang. Research status of medium manganese steel for the 3rd generation automobile sheet[J]. Ordnance Material Science and Engineering, 2019, 42(6): 102-108.
[6] Zou Y, Xu Y B, Wang G, et al. Improved strength-ductility-toughness balance of a precipitation-strengthened low-carbon medium-Mn steel by adopting intercritical annealing- tempering process[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2021, 802: 140636.
[7] Li Z C, Zhang X T, Mou Y J, et al. The impact of intercritical annealing in conjunction with warm deformation process on microstructure, mechanical properties and TRIP effect in medium-Mn TRIP steels[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2019, 746: 363-371.
[8] Wang T, Hu J, Misra R D K. Microstructure evolution and strain behavior of a medium Mn TRIP/TWIP steel for excellent combination of strength and ductility[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2019, 753: 99-108.
[9] 张丽凤, 王社则, 田博彤. 冷轧汽车中锰钢的逆相变退火与组织性能研究[J]. 矿冶工程, 2024, 44(5): 159-162.
Zhang Lifeng, Wang Sheze, Tian Botong. Microstructure and properties of cold rolled medium manganese steel used in automobile after austenitic reverse transformation by annealing[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2024, 44(5): 159-162.
[10] 胡进朋, 万德成, 李杰, 等. 临界区退火温度对中锰钢组织性能和变形行为的影响[J]. 材料热处理学报, 2022, 43(2): 104-111.
Hu Jinpeng, Wan Decheng, Li Jie, et al. Effect of intercritical annealing temperature on microstructure, properties and deformation behavior of medium manganese steel[J]. Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment, 2022, 43(2): 104-111.
[11] 苏张磊, 李玮, 罗志敏. 高强塑积汽车用中锰钢的热变形与组织性能[J]. 锻压技术, 2022, 47(8): 241-248.
Su Zhanglei, Li Wei, Luo Zhimin. Hot deformation and microstructure properties on automotive medium manganese steel with high strength-ductility balance[J]. Forging and Stamping Technology, 2022, 47(8): 241-248.
[12] 沈国慧, 胡斌, 杨占兵, 等. 回火温度对含δ铁素体高铝中锰钢力学性能和显微组织的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(2): 165-174.
Shen Guohui, Hu Bin, Yang Zhanbing, et al. Influence of tempering temperature on mechanical properties and microstructures of high-Al-contained medium Mn steel having δ-ferrite[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2022, 58(2): 165-174.
[13] Li J J, Song R B, Li X, et al. Microstructural evolution and tensile properties of 70 GPa·% grade strong and ductile hot-rolled 6Mn steel treated by intercritical annealing[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2019, 745: 212-220.
[14] 邹英, 刘华赛, 韩赟, 等. 基于退火路径的中锰钢组织转变与力学性能[J]. 钢铁, 2022, 57(4): 97-104.
Zou Ying, Liu Huasai, Han Yun, et al. Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of medium manganese steel based on annealing path[J]. Iron and Steel, 2022, 57(4): 97-104.
[15] Zhang Y, Wang H, Sun H, et al. Effects of annealing temperature on the microstructure, textures and tensile properties of cold-rolled Fe-13Cr-4Al alloys with different Nb contents[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2020, 798: 140236.
[16] Sudipta M, Govardhana P, Bangmaya S, et al. A comprehensive study on the effect of annealing temperature on the tensile and impact behavior of automotive-grade medium manganese steel (Fe-6.22Mn-0.18C)[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2023, 33(11): 5348-5363.
[17] 张丽凤, 王社则, 田博彤. 不同工艺热处理后汽车用中锰钢的显微组织与力学性能[J]. 机械工程材料, 2023, 47(10): 55-61.
Zhang Lifeng, Wang Sheze, Tian Botong. Microstructure and mechanical properties of medium manganese steel for automobile after different heat treatments[J]. Materials for Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 47(10): 55-61.
[18] Long X Y, Zhao G C, Zhang F C, et al. Evolution of tensile properties with transformation temperature in medium-carbon carbide-free bainitic steel[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2020, 775: 138964.
[19] 黄文静, 陈健, 裘欣, 等. 时效处理对超高强度20Mn2Cr汽车钢组织性能的影响[J]. 钢铁研究学报, 2024, 36(5): 627-639.
Huang Wenjing, Chen Jian, Qiu Xin, et al. Effect of aging treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of ultra-high strength 20Mn2Cr automotive steel[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, 2024, 36(5): 627-639.
[20] 校振华, 冯亚磊, 冯启生, 等. 高强汽车中锰钢的热压缩变形行为研究[J]. 精密成形工程, 2023, 15(2): 125-131.
Xiao Zhenhua, Feng Yalei, Feng Qisheng, et al. Hot compression deformation behavior of high strength medium manganese steel for automobile[J]. Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering, 2023, 15(2): 125-131.
[21] Torganchuk V I, Belyakov A N. Microstructure and mechanical properties of medium manganese steel after different deformation and thermal treatments[J]. Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics, 2020, 84(7): 867-870.
[22] Yang D P, Du P J, Wu D, et al. The microstructure evolution and tensile properties of medium-Mn steel heat-treated by a two-step annealing process[J]. Journal of Materials Science and Technology, 2021, 75: 205-215.