304L不锈钢螺栓断裂失效分析

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2025.12.049

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过化学成分检测、显微组织和断口形貌观察、力学性能和电化学测试等表征手段对304L奥氏体不锈钢螺栓的断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明,螺栓组织中夹杂物含量超标是螺栓断裂的主要原因。相比于未断裂螺栓,断裂螺栓内的夹杂物含量显著升高,且具有更低的临界点蚀温度。此外,夹杂物含量高导致螺栓力学性能变差,在富含Cl^-的服役工况下加剧了点蚀,裂纹在交变应力下沿点蚀不断扩展,直至螺栓失效。

关键词: 不锈钢, 螺栓, 断裂失效, 夹杂物

Abstract: Fracture causes of 304L austenitic stainless steel bolts were analyzed by means of chemical composition analysis, microstructure and fracture morphology observation, and mechanical properties and electrochemical tests. The results show that the excessive inclusion content in the steel is the main reason for the bolt fracture. Compared with the unbroken bolt, the inclusion content in the broken bolt is significantly higher, and the critical pitting temperature is lower. In addition, the increase of inclusions deteriorates the mechanical properties of the steel, aggravates pitting corrosion under Cl^--rich service conditions, and cracks continue to expand along pitting corrosion under alternating stress until the bolt fails.

Key words: stainless steel, bolt, fracture failure, inclusions

中图分类号:

TG111.91

赖勇, 陈长风, 罗睿乔, 高大义, 王松, 朱新宇, 桑晓彤. 304L不锈钢螺栓断裂失效分析[J]. 金属热处理, 2025, 50(12): 322-327.

Lai Yong, Chen Changfeng, Luo Ruiqiao, Gao Dayi, Wang Song, Zhu Xinyu, Sang Xiaotong. Fracture failure analysis of 304L stainless steel bolts[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2025, 50(12): 322-327.

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