固溶时效对SLM成形15-5PH不锈钢组织与性能的影响

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2025.09.037

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过金相观察、XRD分析与拉伸试验等手段,对比研究了沉积态、1040 ℃×1 h固溶态、1040 ℃×1 h固溶+(460~640 ℃)×4 h时效态SLM成形15-5PH不锈钢的组织与性能。结果表明,沉积态组织为细小板条马氏体+残留奥氏体+少量铁素体,以细晶强化机理为主,抗拉强度为1150 MPa,屈服强度为996 MPa。固溶态组织为板条马氏体+少量铁素体,相比沉积态,抗拉强度降低13.3%,屈服强度降低8.3%。固溶+460~580 ℃时效态组织为粗大板条马氏体+少量逆转变奥氏体,析出颗粒强化相,以时效强化效应为主,460 ℃时效时具有最高强度,抗拉、屈服强度分别达1462 MPa、1371 MPa;固溶+600~640 ℃时效时,组织转变为回火索氏体,析出相明显减少,处于过时效状态,强度低于固溶态。

关键词: 固溶时效, SLM, 不锈钢, 组织, 性能

Abstract: Microstructure and mechanical properties of 15-5PH stainless steel formed by SLM were compared by means of metallographic observation, XRD analysis and tensile test, after deposition, solution treatment at 1040 ℃ for 1 h, and solution treatment at 1040 ℃ for 1 h and aging at 460-640 ℃ for 4 h. The results show that the as-deposited microstructure is fine lath martensite+retained austenite+a small amount of ferrite, and the fine-grain strengthening mechanism is dominant, the stainless steel exhibits a tensile strength of 1150 MPa and a yield strength of 996 MPa. The solution treated microstructure is lath martensite with a small amount of ferrite, compared to the as-deposited, where the tensile strength decreases by 13.3%, and the yield strength decreases by 8.3%. After solution treatment and aging at 460-580 ℃, the microstructure of the specimens consists of coarse lath martensite and a small amount of reversed austenite, with precipitated particle reinforcing phases. The main strengthening effect is due to aging, and the highest strength is achieved when aged at 460 ℃, with tensile strength and yield strength achieving 1462 MPa and 1371 MPa, respectively. After solution treatment and aging at 600-640 ℃, the microstructure transforms into tempered martensite, the precipitated phase is significantly reduced and in an over-aged state, and the strength is lower than that of the solution treated.

Key words: solution treatment and aging, SLM, stainless steel, microstructure, properties

中图分类号:

王陆阳, 李珂誉, 黄红武. 固溶时效对SLM成形15-5PH不锈钢组织与性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2025, 50(9): 233-237.

Wang Luyang, Li Keyu, Huang Hongwu. Effect of solution treatment and aging on microstructure and properties of 15-5PH stainless steel formed by SLM[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2025, 50(9): 233-237.

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