回火对NiCrAlFe合金组织与性能的影响

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2025.12.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： NiCrAlFe精密电阻合金的性能对回火工艺十分敏感,回火过程中形成的K状态直接影响合金电气性能的优劣。通过X射线衍射、透射电镜等表征手段以及电阻率、显微硬度等测试方法研究了回火工艺对合金组织-性能-结构的影响。结果表明,回火保温过程合金中形成了K状态,此时合金中析出了大量尺寸仅为几个纳米且与基体共格的L1₂短程有序结构,同时(111)晶面间距减小;K状态形成过程中固溶体进行了调幅分解,K状态形成的越充分,X射线衍射峰半峰全宽的值越小;L1₂短程有序结构的析出驱动力与温度不是正相关;L1₂短程有序结构的形成显著提升了合金的电阻率及显微硬度;当化学成分和前期加工工艺确定后,K状态形成对应的最佳回火温度和保温时长区间范围很窄。

关键词: NiCrAlFe合金, K状态, L1₂短程有序结构, 回火, 电阻率

Abstract: NiCrAlFe precision resistance alloy is widely used in defense, military, mobile communications, automotive electronics, and other fields due to its advantages such as high resistivity, low temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR), high strain sensitivity coefficient, ease of processing, and good weldability. The excellent electrical properties of this alloy stem from the K-state formed within the alloy after quenching and tempering heat treatments. The K-state directly affects the quality of the alloy electrical performance, making the alloy highly sensitive to the tempering process. Effect of tempering process on the microstructure, properties, and microstructure of the alloy were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as well as electrical resistivity and microhardness testing. The results show that during the tempering process, the K-state is formed, and a large number of L1₂ short-range ordering (SRO) with a size of only a few nanometers are precipitated, and the crystal plane spacing of (111) is decreased. During the formation of the K state, the solid solution undergoes spinodal decomposition, and the more fully formed the K state, the smaller the full width at half maximum of the X-ray diffraction peak. The precipitation driving force of L1₂ SRO is not positively correlated with the temperature, and the formation of L1₂ SRO significantly enhances the electrical resistivity and microhardness. When the chemical composition and preprocessing are determined, the range of optimal tempering temperature and time corresponding to the formation of K-state is very narrow.

Key words: NiCrAlFe alloy, K-state, L1₂ (SRO), tempering, electrical resistivity

中图分类号:

TG132.2

李亚敏, 刘文涛, 李智德, 范树通, 刘洪军. 回火对NiCrAlFe合金组织与性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2025, 50(12): 96-103.

Li Yamin, Liu Wentao, Li Zhide, Fan Shutong, Liu Hongjun. Effect of tempering process on microstructure and properties of a NiCrAlFe alloy[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2025, 50(12): 96-103.

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