金属热处理 ›› 2025, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (12): 29-33.DOI: 10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2025.12.005

• 组织与性能 • 上一篇    下一篇

丝杠和导轨用中碳合金钢与GCr15钢的淬透性和耐磨性

李檀1, 那艳会2, 冯桂萍3, 王存宇1   

  1. 1.钢铁研究总院有限公司 特殊钢研究院, 北京 100081;
    2.通用技术集团大连机床集团有限责任公司 技术中心, 辽宁 大连 116100;
    3.抚顺特殊钢股份有限公司 技术中心, 辽宁 抚顺 610073
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-30 修回日期:2025-10-27 发布日期:2026-01-06
  • 通讯作者: 王存宇,正高级工程师,博士,E-mail: wang_cunyu@126.com
  • 作者简介:李 檀(2000—),女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为轴承钢耐磨性,E-mail: litan3@outlook.com。
  • 基金资助:
    中国钢研重点项目(集23T61320);工信部重点项目(2023ZY02015)

Hardenability and wear resistance of medium carbon alloy steel and GCr15 steel for lead screws and guide rails

Li Tan1, Na Yanhui2, Feng Guiping3, Wang Cunyu1   

  1. 1. Research Institute of Special Steel, Central Iron & Steel Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 100081, China;
    2. Technical Center, General Technology Group Dalian Machine Tool Co., Ltd., Dalian Liaoning 116100, China;
    3. Technical Center, Fushun Special Steel Co., Ltd., Fushun Liaoning 610073, China
  • Received:2025-07-30 Revised:2025-10-27 Published:2026-01-06

摘要: 采用端淬试验机和OAT-U-HT2环块磨损试验机对比研究了丝杠和导轨用GCr15、50CrMo和55MnCr钢的淬透性和耐磨性。结果表明,GCr15钢末端淬火硬度最高而淬硬层深度最小,50CrMo末端淬火硬度最小而淬硬层深度最大,55MnCr钢介于两者之间。相对较高含C量使GCr15钢具有最高的淬火硬度,而相对较高的Cr、Mo合金元素使50CrMo钢具有最高的淬硬层深度。环块磨损条件下,GCr15钢的微观组织(马氏体基体+碳化物)使其耐磨性最好,磨损体积约为50CrMo钢的60%;虽然50CrMo钢和55MnCr钢的微观组织都为板条马氏体与片状马氏体的混合组织,但55MnCr钢的C含量相对较高,其磨损质量损失略低于50CrMo钢。若需要高淬硬层深度适合采用50CrMo钢,若需要获得高硬度和高耐磨性适合采用GCr15钢。

关键词: 丝杠用钢, 导轨用钢, 微观组织, 耐磨性, 淬透性

Abstract: Hardenability and wear resistance of GCr15, 50CrMo, and 55MnCr steels for lead screws and guide rails were comparatively studied by using Jominy end-quenching testing machine and OAT-U-HT2 ring block wear testing machine. The research results show that the GCr15 steel has the highest hardness after end quenching but the smallest hardened layer depth, the 50CrMo has the lowest hardness after end quenching but the largest hardened layer depth, and the 55MnCr steel lies between the two. The relatively high C content gives the GCr15 steel the highest quenching hardness, while the relatively high Cr and Mo alloy element gives the 50CrMo steel the highest quenching depth. Under ring-block wear conditions, the microstructure of the GCr15 steel (martensitic matrix + carbides) makes the lead screw has the best wear resistance, with a wear volume approximately 60% of the 50CrMo steel. Although the microstructure of the 50CrMo and 55MnCr steel is a mixture of lath martensite and lamellar martensite, the relatively high C content makes the wear mass loss of the 55MnCr steel slightly lower than that of the 50CrMo steel. To achieve high quenching depth, the 50CrMo steel is suitable, while the GCr15 steel is suitable for high hardness and wear resistance.

Key words: steels for lead screw, steels for guide rail, microstructure, wear resistance, hardenability

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