Er和Cu复合添加对A356合金组织与力学性能的影响

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2026.01.002

金属热处理 ›› 2026, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (1): 12-21.DOI: 10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2026.01.002

Er和Cu复合添加对A356合金组织与力学性能的影响

汤江涛^1,2,3, 冯丽⁴, 冯恩浪⁵, 姜岳峰^1,3, 梁田^1,3, 马颖澈^1,3

1.中国科学院金属研究所, 辽宁沈阳 110016;
2.沈阳化工大学材料工程与科学学院, 辽宁沈阳 110142;
3.中国科学院金属研究所师昌绪创新材料研究中心, 辽宁沈阳 110016;
4.沈阳职业技术学院电气工程学院, 辽宁沈阳 110045;
5.吉利百矿集团有限公司, 广西百色 533000

收稿日期:2025-08-25 修回日期:2025-11-17 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-01-27
通讯作者: 梁田,研究员,博士,E-mail:tlang@imr.ac.cn
作者简介:汤江涛(1995—),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为铝合金的改性与加工,E-mail:tliang@imr.ac.cn。
基金资助:
广西创新驱动发展专项资金(桂科AA22068084-2)

Effect of Er and Cu compound addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 alloy

Tang Jiangtao^1,2,3, Feng Li⁴, Feng Enlang⁵, Jiang Yuefeng^1,3, Liang Tian^1,3, Ma Yingche^1,3

1. Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang Liaoning 110016, China;
2. School of Materials Engineering and Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang Liaoning 110142, China;
3. Master Changxu Innovative Materials Research Center, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang Liaoning 110016, China;
4. School of Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Polytechnic College, Shenyang Liaoning 110045, China;
5. Geely Baikuang Group Co., Ltd., Baise Guangxi 533000, China

Received:2025-08-25 Revised:2025-11-17 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2026-01-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过在A356铝合金中加入0.2%、0.4%稀土元素Er及复合添加0.1%Er、1.76%Cu,研究了Er、Cu对压铸成形A356铝合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:加入稀土元素Er后,共晶Si的形貌由长纤维状或长棒状转变为细小的纤维状或点状结构,共晶Si的共晶转变温度及α-Al的熔化温度降低。随着Er含量的增加,合金的抗拉强度由242.0 MPa小幅升高至250.0 MPa,但伸长率由7.00%降低至5.50%。在A356铝合金中复合添加0.1%Er和1.76%Cu时,合金中形成了Al₃Er、Al₈Cu₄Er、Al₂Cu等金属间化合物,合金的抗拉强度为243.0 MPa,伸长率降低为1.50%,表明Er和Cu未表现出良好的协同强韧化作用。其主要原因是快速凝固促使富Cu相以粗大块状或团簇状在枝晶间析出,导致应力集中,并在拉伸过程中于其棱角处萌生微裂纹,从而严重恶化塑性。

关键词: 压铸态, A356合金, 稀土Er, Cu, 复合协同

Abstract: Effects of Er and Cu on the microstructure and mechanical properties of die cast A356 aluminum alloy were studied by adding 0.2%, 0.4% Er and compositely adding 0.1%Er and 1.76%Cu, respectively. The results show that the morphology of eutectic silicon changes from long fiber or long rod to fine fiber or point structure, and the eutectic transition temperature of eutectic silicon and α-Al melting temperature decrease after adding Er. With the increase of Er content, the tensile strength of the alloy increases slightly from 242.0 MPa to 250.0 MPa, but the elongation decreases from 7.00% to 5.50%. When adding 0.1%Er and 1.76%Cu, Al₃Er, Al₈Cu₄Er, Al₂Cu and other intermetallic compounds are formed in the A356 alloy. The tensile strength of the alloy is 243.0 MPa, and the elongation is reduced to 1.50%, indicating that Er and Cu did not show a good synergistic strengthening and toughening effect. The main reason is that rapid solidification promotes the precipitation of Cu-rich phases in the form of large blocks or clusters between dendrites, resulting in stress concentration and the initiation of microcracks at the edges and corners during the tensile process, thereby seriously deteriorating plasticity.

Key words: die-cast state, A356 alloy, rare earth Er, Cu, compound cooperation

中图分类号:

TG146.2

汤江涛, 冯丽, 冯恩浪, 姜岳峰, 梁田, 马颖澈. Er和Cu复合添加对A356合金组织与力学性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2026, 51(1): 12-21.

Tang Jiangtao, Feng Li, Feng Enlang, Jiang Yuefeng, Liang Tian, Ma Yingche. Effect of Er and Cu compound addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 alloy[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2026, 51(1): 12-21.

参考文献

[1] 何芳, 庄林忠, 何国元, 等. 汽车轮毂用A356铝合金合金化的研究进展[J]. 铸造, 2021, 70(4): 431-437.
He Fang, Zhuang Linzhong, He Guoyuan, et al. A356 aluminum alloy for automobile wheel hubs-research progress and inflence of alloying elements on its microstructure and properties[J]. Foundry, 2021, 70(4): 431-437.
[2] 杜青春, 臧立根, 董艳宾. 稀土元素变质A356铝合金的研究进展[J]. 特种铸造及有色合金, 2020, 40(2): 152-155.
Du Qingchun, Zang Ligen, Dong Yanbin. Research progress in rare earth element reinforced A356 alloy[J]. Special Casting and Nonferrous Alloys, 2020, 40(2): 152-155.
[3] Tsai Y C, Chou C Y, Jeng R R, et al. Effect of rare earth elements addition on microstructures and mechanical properties of A356 alloy[J]. International Journal of Cast Metals Research, 2011, 24(2): 83-87.
[4] 樊振中, 袁文全, 王端志, 等. 压铸铝合金研究现状与未来发展趋势[J]. 铸造, 2020, 69(2): 159-166.
Fan Zhenzhong, Yuan Wenquan, Wang Duanzhi, et al. Research status and future development trend of die casting aluminum alloys[J]. Foundry, 2020, 69(2): 159-166.
[5] Xia G Q, Zhao Q, Ping X C, et al. Effect of Al-5Ti-1B-La intermediate alloy on microstructure and mechanical properties of A356.2 aluminum alloy[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2024, 30(5): 1458-1469.
[6] Zhang X L, Liu J H, Li W S, et al. Effect of Sr-Ce modification on the microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 alloy[J]. International Journal of Metalcasting, 2023, 17(4): 1008-1020.
[7] 马少博, 贺飞羽, 胡文鑫, 等. Ce和Cu复合合金化对A356. 2合金组织和力学性能的影响[J]. 稀土, 2023, 44(1): 190-197.
Ma Shaobo, He Feiyu, Hu Wenxin, et al. Effect of Ce and Cu Composite alloying on microstructure and mechanical properties of A356.2 alloy[J]. Chinese Rare Earths, 2023, 44(1): 190-197.
[8] Ye K F, Cai X L, Zhou L, et al. Influence of Y content and T6 heat treatment on the organization and mechanical properties of cast A356 aluminum alloy[J]. Integrated Ferroelectrics, 2024, 240(3): 477-485.
[9] Alkahtani S A, Elgallad E M, Tash M M, et al. Effect of rare earth metals on the microstructure of Al-Si based alloys[J]. Materials, 2016, 9(1): 45.
[10] Mahmoud M G, Zedan Y, Samuel A M, et al. Effect of rare earth metals (Ce and La) addition on the performance of Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloys[J]. International Journal of Metalcasting, 2022, 16(8): 1164-1190.
[11] 黄笑梅, 程和法, 黄吉. Sc对A356合金热处理组织及力学性能的影响[J]. 特种铸造及有色合金, 2023, 43(12): 1679-1682.
Huang Xiaomei, Cheng Hefa, Huang Ji. Effects of Sc on microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 alloy after heat treatment[J]. Special Casting and Nonferrous Alloys, 2023, 43(12): 1679-1682.
[12] 刘春海, 谭青, 刘华, 等. 稀土Ce对A356铝合金力学性能及显微组织的影响[J]. 稀有金属与硬质合金, 2017, 45(3): 45-49.
Liu Chunhai, Tan Qing, Liu Hua, et al. Effect of rare earth Ce on microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 aluminum alloy[J]. Special Casting and Nonferrous Alloys, 2017, 45(3): 45-49.
[13] 李晓燕, 卢雅琳, 王健, 等. 稀土Er对A356铝合金微观组织和力学性能的影响[J]. 材料工程, 2018, 46(1): 67-73.
Li Xiaoyan, Lu Yalin, Wang Jian, et al. Effect of rare earth erbium on microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 aluminum alloy[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2018, 46(1): 67-73.
[14] 朱志华, 马路路, 刘华, 等. Cu对稀土A356合金组织及力学性能的影响[J]. 特种铸造及有色合金, 2017, 37(6): 683-686.
Zhu Zhihua, Ma Lulu, Liu Hua, et al. Effects of Cu on microstructure and mechanical properties of rare earth microalloying A356 alloy[J]. Special Casting and Nonferrous Alloys, 2017, 37(6): 683-686.
[15] 杨承志, 龙思远, 王朋, 等. Cu含量对压铸铝硅合金组织和性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2016, 41(11): 57-61.
Yang Chengzhi, Long Siyuan, Wang Peng, et al. Effect of Cu content on microstructures and properties of die casting Al-Si alloy[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2016, 41(11): 57-61.
[16] 檀廷佐. 变质及热处理对铸造铝硅合金组织及性能的影响[D]. 南京: 南京航空航天大学, 2012.
Tan Tingzuo. Effect of modification and heat treatment on the microstructure and property of cast Al-Si cast alloy[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012.
[17] 黄晓峰, 谢锐, 田载友, 等. 压铸技术的发展现状与展望[J]. 新技术新工艺, 2008(7): 50-55.
Huang Xiaofeng, Xie Rui, Tian Zaiyou, et al. The development and the outlook of the die casting technology[J]. New Technology and New Process, 2008(7): 50-55.
[18] 胡咏梅, 刘政. Al-5Ti-B和稀土Y复合添加对A356合金半固态凝固组织的影响[J]. 铸造, 2011, 60(9): 869-874.
Hu Yongmei, Liu Zheng. Effect of compound additive Al-5Ti-B and Y on solidification microstructure of semi-solid A356 aluminum alloy[J]. Foundry, 2011, 60(9): 869-874.
[19] Lu S Z, Hellawell A. The mechanism of silicon modification in aluminum-silicon alloys: Impurity induced twinning[J]. Metallurgical Transactions A, 1987, 18(10): 1721-1732.
[20] Campbell J. Discussion of effect of strontium and phosphorus on eutectic Al-Si nucleation and formation of β-Al₅FeSi in hypoeutectic Al-Si foundry alloys[J]. Metallurgical Transactions A, 2009, 40(2): 1009-1010.
[21] 李俊颀, 毛丰, 闫光远, 等. 稀土Er对A356合金组织与性能的影响[J]. 特种铸造及有色合金, 2018, 38(3): 312-315.
Li Junqi, Mao Feng, Yan Guangyuan, et al. Effects of Er addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 aluminum alloys[J]. Special Casting and Nonferrous Alloys, 2018, 38(3): 312-315.
[22] Guo Y, Wang Y, Chen H T, et al. First-principles study on stability, electronic, mechanical and thermodynamic properties of Al-Cu-RE ternary compounds[J]. Solid State Communications, 2019, 287(1): 63-67.
[23] 孟令刚, 武晓辉, 邢清源, 等. Cu元素对Al-Zn-Mg-Er-Sc-Zr合金组织演变和腐蚀性能的影响[J]. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2022, 51(12): 4475-4482.
Meng Linggang, Wu Xiaohui, Xing Qingyuan, et al. Effect of element Cu on microstructure evolution and corrosion resistance of Al-Zn-Mg-Er-Sc-Zr alloy[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2022, 51(12): 4475-4482.
[24] Wagner R S, Treuting R G. Morphology and growth mechanism of silicon ribbons[J]. Applied Physics, 1961, 32(11): 2490-2491.
[25] Qiu C R, Miao S N, Li X R, et al. Synergistic effect of Sr and La on the microstructure and mechanical properties of A356.2 alloy[J]. Materials and Design, 2017, 114(1): 563-571.
[26] 李新荣. A356.2铝合金用Ar-Sr-La变质剂的开发及其细化、变质效果的研究[D]. 天津: 河北工业大学, 2016.
[27] Morinaka M. Effect of Fe, Sr and Ca on shrinkage characteristics in Al-Si alloy[J]. Journal of Japan Foundry Engineering Society, 2002, 74(2): 103-108.
[28] 孟帅举, 王孟璐, 宋金龙, 等. Cu对铸态Mg-Bi-Sn系合金微观组织与力学性能的影响[J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2024, 34(10): 3352-3365.
Meng Shuaiju, Wang Menglu, Song Jinlong, et al. Effect of Cu on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-Bi-Sn alloys[J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2024, 34(10): 3352-3365.
[29] 王富鑫, 骆良顺, 王亮, 等. 合金成分和冷却速率对Al-Cu合金凝固过程中初生Al₂Cu相生长形貌的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2016, 52(3): 361-368.
Wang Fuxin, Luo Liangshun, Wang Liang, et al. Effect of alloy composition and cooling rate on the growth morphology of primary Al₂Cu phase in Al-Cu alloy during solidification[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2016, 52(3): 361-368.
[30] Baek M S, Shah A W, Kim Y K, et al. Microstructures, tensile properties, and strengthening mechanisms of novel Al-Mg alloys with high Mg content[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2023, 950(7): 169866.
[31] 郭小童, 郑为为, 肖程波, 等. K465高温合金短时超温后的显微组织退化及拉伸性能[J]. 材料工程, 2018, 46(10): 77-86.
Guo Xiaotong, Zheng Weiwei, Xiao Chengbo, et al. Microstructural degradation and tensile properties of K465 equiaxed-cast superalloy after short-time overheating[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2018, 46(10): 77-86.

Er和Cu复合添加对A356合金组织与力学性能的影响

Effect of Er and Cu compound addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 alloy

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	康旭, 李振亮, 岑耀东, 包喜荣, 张建飞, 丁国. 冷轧及热处理对喷射沉积Al-Cu-Mg合金织构与硬度的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2025, 50(9): 99-108.
[2]	贾虹锋, 胡宝佳, 肖广耀, 田亚强, 陈连生. 回火温度对舰船用含Cu高强钢组织与性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2025, 50(8): 215-219.
[3]	唐辉, 宋斌, 周波, 杨燕. Ag微合金化对激光粉床熔融Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的裂纹抑制作用[J]. 金属热处理, 2025, 50(7): 66-72.
[4]	苗秉希, 康纪龙, 马志尧, 李嘉胜, 王星浩, 高明玉, 褚克, 强小虎. Al-20Si-xCu过共晶合金的固溶处理及力学性能[J]. 金属热处理, 2025, 50(7): 112-117.
[5]	黎柏康, 秦翔智, 赵佳蕾, 李兵, 赵巍, 章晶林, 周毅, 李瑞霞. Zn、Mg含量对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金组织与性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2025, 50(7): 218-225.
[6]	花思明. 固溶温度对Cu-Cr-Zr合金组织与性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2025, 50(6): 139-144.
[7]	师可馨, 熊艳才, 洪润洲, 张喆. 基于JMat-Pro计算的Al-Cu-Mn系耐热铸造合金的热处理[J]. 金属热处理, 2025, 50(6): 249-254.
[8]	齐铭, 孙昱艳, 王鹏飞, 方元, 安震, 丁旭. 磁控溅射-电镀增厚Nb-Cu复合材料的界面结合性能[J]. 金属热处理, 2025, 50(6): 289-293.
[9]	郭金根, 梁爱武, 陈旋, 吴明辉, 冒新国, 翟庆华, 缪晶晶, 葛永新. 马氏体不锈钢4Cr13Cu的相变特性[J]. 金属热处理, 2025, 50(5): 86-93.
[10]	陈旋, 符蓉, 宗林, 吴明辉, 冒新国, 李欣欣, 翟庆华, 何西娟. 回火工艺对SDP1Cu塑料模具钢组织与力学性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2025, 50(5): 181-188.
[11]	陈瑞, 陈保安, 李梦琳, 韩钰, 祝志祥, 侯世香, 杨长龙, 郑薇. Al-Fe-Cu合金导线退火过程中的析出行为与再结晶[J]. 金属热处理, 2025, 50(5): 189-194.
[12]	陈今良, 金学元, 张利民. 短时退火对(CrCoNi)₉₆Cu₄中熵合金组织与性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2025, 50(5): 274-278.
[13]	郝时嘉, 李国爱, 刘惠, 罗开军, 陈宗强, 李占强. Ag、Sc联合微合金化对Al-Cu-Li合金组织及高温性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2025, 50(4): 80-84.
[14]	李申奥, 陈思文, 牛红伟, 朱红倩, 阚允, 江艳, 王健, 赵洪运. 轧制温度对Sc微合金化Al-3.2Cu-1.5Li合金组织和性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2025, 50(3): 1-8.
[15]	马志锋, 陈宗强, 程利强, 范宗荣, 付祎磊, 刘惠. 中温锻造对SiC/Al-Cu复合材料组织与性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2025, 50(12): 145-154.