多级固溶处理对7055铝合金微观组织与性能的影响

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2025.11.029

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、差示扫描热分析仪和电子万能材料试验机等研究了固溶处理制度对7055铝合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:固溶温度(480 ℃)过高,易使合金发生过烧现象且合金再结晶程度较高,力学性能明显下降。与单级固溶处理相比,双级固溶处理可提高合金过烧温度,有利于难溶第二相的充分溶解,合金再结晶分数降低,亚晶占比增加,合金力学性能有所提升。采用低温预固溶的三级固溶(300 ℃×0.5 h+400 ℃×0.5 h+480 ℃×1 h)处理,进一步提高了难溶第二相的溶解程度,并降低了合金再结晶程度,时效态合金屈服强度可达614 MPa,抗拉强度为648 MPa,断后伸长率为8.9%,具有良好的强韧性配比。

关键词: 7055铝合金, 多级固溶, 微观组织, 力学性能

Abstract: Effect of solution treatment system on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 7055 aluminum alloy was investigated by means of metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, differential scanning calorimetry, and electronic universal material testing machine. The results show that excessive solution temperature (480 ℃) can lead to overburning of the alloy and a high degree of recrystallization, resulting in a significant decrease in the mechanical properties of the alloy. Compared with single-stage solution treatment, two-stage solution treatment can increase the overburning temperature of the alloy, facilitate the full dissolution of insoluble second phases, reduce the recrystallization fraction of the alloy, increase the proportion of sub-grains, and improve the mechanical properties of the alloy. The three-stage solution treatment (300 ℃×0.5 h+400 ℃×0.5 h+480 ℃×1 h) with low-temperature pre-solution further improves the dissolution degree of insoluble second phases and reduces the degree of recrystallization. The yield strength of the aged alloy can reach 614 MPa, the tensile strength is 648 MPa, and the elongation after fracture is 8.9%, with a good combination of strength and toughness.

Key words: 7055 aluminum alloy, multi-stage solution treatment, microstructure, mechanical properties

中图分类号:

TG146.21

湛阳, 伍彪, 曾怡萱, 吴晓倩, 徐进军, 江茫. 多级固溶处理对7055铝合金微观组织与性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2025, 50(11): 209-216.

Zhan Yang, Wu Biao, Zeng Yixuan, Wu Xiaoqian, Xu Jinjun, Jiang Mang. Effect of multi-stage solution treatment on microstructure and properties of 7055 aluminum alloy[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2025, 50(11): 209-216.

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