回火温度对35CrMnSi钢微观组织与力学性能的影响

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2025.12.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对35CrMnSi钢进行890 ℃奥氏体化+230 ℃等温淬火+不同温度(230~650 ℃)的回火处理,研究回火温度对35CrMnSi钢组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,在230~650 ℃范围内,随着回火温度的升高,35CrMnSi钢中C元素扩散加快,基体中C含量降低,析出碳化物形核率降低,碳化物尺寸明显增大。随着回火温度的升高,硬度先基本不变再下降,耐磨性先上升后下降,抗拉强度和屈服强度呈下降趋势,伸长率先下降后升高。回火温度在230 ℃时,组织中的C原子析出量较少,马氏体板条形状分明,组织均匀;回火温度在360 ℃时,组织中析出细小且弥散的碳化物,提高了钢的耐磨性,磨损量最低,为3.4 mg;回火温度在400~600 ℃时,组织中析出的碳化物尺寸和数量逐渐增大,马氏体逐渐分解;回火温度在650 ℃时,析出的碳化物尺寸和数量进一步提高,组织转变为回火索氏体,伸长率提高到23.97%。

关键词: 35CrMnSi钢, 回火温度, 微观组织, 力学性能, 碳化物

Abstract: The 35CrMnSi steel was subjected to austenitizing at 890 ℃, austempering at 230 ℃, and tempering at different temperatures (230-650 ℃). The effect of tempering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the 35CrMnSi steel was investigated. The results show that in the tempering temperature range of 230-650 ℃, with the increase of tempering temperature, the diffusion of C element in the steel accelerates, the content of C element in the matrix decreases, the nucleation rate of precipitated carbides decreases, and the size of carbides increases significantly. With the increase of tempering temperature, the hardness first almost remains unchanged and then decreases, the wear resistance first increases and then decreases, the tensile strength and yield strength show a downward trend, and the elongation first decreases and then increases. When the tempering temperature is 230 ℃, the C atoms in the microstructure are less precipitated, the martensite lath shape is clear, and the microstructure is uniform. When the tempering temperature is 360 ℃, fine and dispersed carbides are precipitated in the microstructure and the wear resistance of the steel is improved with the lowest wear loss of 3.4 mg. When the tempering temperature is 400-600 ℃, the size and number of carbides precipitated in the microstructure are gradually increased, and the martensite gradually decomposes. When the tempering temperature is 650 ℃, the size and number of precipitated carbides are further increased, the microstructure is transformed into tempered martensite, and the elongation is increased to 23.97%.

Key words: 35CrMnSi steel, tempering temperature, microstructure, mechanical properties, carbide

中图分类号:

TG156

李延斌, 金圣, 于兴福, 苏勇, 郑冬月. 回火温度对35CrMnSi钢微观组织与力学性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2025, 50(12): 126-133.

Li Yanbin, Jin Sheng, Yu Xingfu, Su Yong, Zheng Dongyue. Effect of tempering temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of 35CrMnSi steel[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2025, 50(12): 126-133.

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