7A09铝合金的超低温力学性能

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2026.02.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对两种不同工艺处理(固溶-深冷-时效、固溶-时效)的7A09铝合金,分别在室温、液氦(4.2 K)和液氢(20 K)环境下对其进行拉伸试验,结合显微组织和断口形貌观察,研究了7A09铝合金的超低温力学性能。结果表明,随拉伸温度降低,合金晶粒细化,但由20 K降温至4.2 K,晶粒细化不明显,尺寸变化不大。因此,其抗拉强度和屈服强度随拉伸温度降低逐渐增加,断后伸长率则随之减小,而硬度呈现先增加后减小的趋势,断口形貌由韧窝为主逐渐转变为以解理面和河流花样为主。4.2 K拉伸温度下,较20 K,强度增幅较小。

关键词: 超低温环境, 7A09铝合金, 力学性能, 微观组织

Abstract: Tensile tests were conducted on 7A09 aluminum alloy subjected to two different heat treatment processes (solution treatment-cryogenic treatment-aging, solution treatment-aging) under room temperature, liquid helium (4.2 K), and liquid hydrogen (20 K) environments. Combined with microstructure and fracture morphology observations, the ultra-low temperature mechanical properties of the 7A09 aluminum alloy were investigated. The results indicate that grain refinement occurs as tensile temperature decreases. However, when the temperature drops from 20 K to 4.2 K, the grain refinement is not significant and the size change is not significant. Consequently, tensile strength and yield strength gradually increase with decreasing tensile temperature, while elongation after fracture decreases. Hardness exhibits a trend of first increasing then decreasing. Fracture morphology shifts from predominantly dimples to primarily cleavage planes and river patterns. At tensile temperature of 4.2 K, the increase of strength is smaller compared to 20 K.

Key words: ultra-low temperature environment, 7A09 aluminum alloy, mechanical properties, microstructure

中图分类号:

TG166.3

蒋明浩, 陈峙, 郭嘉. 7A09铝合金的超低温力学性能[J]. 金属热处理, 2026, 51(2): 67-72.

Jiang Minghao, Chen Zhi, Guo Jia. Ultra-low temperature mechanical properties of 7A09 aluminum alloy[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2026, 51(2): 67-72.

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