晶粒细化对PEMFC双极板用含N不锈钢力学性能与耐蚀性的影响

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2026.02.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究不同退火工艺调控的晶粒尺寸对含N奥氏体不锈钢力学性能与耐腐蚀性的影响,进而为质子交换膜燃料电池双极板用该类不锈钢23NSS的性能优化提供理论依据,采用EBSD、XRD、室温拉伸试验及电化学测试相结合的方法,系统分析了晶粒尺寸变化与含N试验不锈钢性能的关联规律。结果表明,晶粒细化可显著提升含N不锈钢23NSS的耐腐蚀性,这主要归因于晶粒细化使材料中特殊晶界(Σ1°-29°)的占比与长度及小角度晶界占比均得到提高,不仅促进了Cr、N原子的扩散,还为钝化膜的形成提供了更多形核位点;同时,该不锈钢经优化退火处理后屈服强度最高可达725.8 MPa,断裂总延伸率为43.1%,实现了优异的强韧性匹配。

关键词: 含N不锈钢, 退火, 晶粒细化, 耐蚀性, 力学性能, 质子交换膜燃料电池

Abstract: Aiming to investigate the effect of grain size regulated by different annealing processes on the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel, and further provide a theoretical basis for the performance optimization of such stainless steel used in bipolar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), the correlation between grain size variation and material properties of nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel 23NSS was systematically analyzed by adopting EBSD, XRD and room-temperature tensile tests and electrochemical tests. The results show that grain refinement significantly improves the corrosion resistance of nitrogen-containing stainless steel 23NSS, which is mainly attributed to the fact that grain refinement leads to an increase in the proportion and length of special grain boundaries (Σ1°-29°) as well as the proportion of low-angle grain boundaries. This not only promotes the diffusion of Cr and N atoms but also provides more nucleation sites for the formation of passive films. Meanwhile, the yield strength of the tested stainless steel reaches a maximum of 725.8 MPa with a total elongation at break of 43.1% after optimized annealing treatment, achieving an excellent strength-toughness balance.

Key words: nitrogen-containing stainless steel, annealing, grain refinement, corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, PEMFCs

中图分类号:

TG174.21

李嘉舒, 王丙兴, 李卓程, 朱文祥, 焦晶晶, 王斌, 田勇. 晶粒细化对PEMFC双极板用含N不锈钢力学性能与耐蚀性的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2026, 51(2): 38-46.

Li Jiashu, Wang Bingxing, Li Zhuocheng, Zhu Wenxiang, Jiao Jingjing, Wang Bin, Tian Yong. Effect of grain refinement on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of a N-containing stainless steel for PEMFC bipolar plates[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2026, 51(2): 38-46.

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