1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢的感应加热固溶处理

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2025.10.039

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用XRD、金相显微镜和力学性能测试研究了感应加热固溶处理对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢物相、显微组织及力学性能的影响,对比分析感应加热固溶处理与常规台车炉固溶处理的差异。结果表明,1Cr18Ni9Ti钢热轧态组织为γ-Fe+少量(Cr,Fe)₇C₃+少量TiC,经感应加热固溶处理后,碳化物溶解到奥氏体基体中,1040 ℃固溶时得到完全的奥氏体组织,温度超过1040 ℃后奥氏体晶粒开始粗化。感应加热电流透入深度分析表明,当电源频率为4000 Hz时,1040 ℃感应加热可对ø22 mm规格1Cr18Ni9Ti钢棒材全截面进行加热,固溶后的组织均匀性较好。1Cr18Ni9Ti钢的屈服强度、抗拉强度和硬度随感应加热固溶温度的提升而下降,冲击吸收能量与断后伸长率随感应加热固溶温度的升高而增加,但温度超过1040 ℃后,强度和硬度下降明显,冲击吸收能量与断后伸长率变化不大。1040 ℃感应加热固溶处理后的组织和综合力学性能较好,棒材弯曲度远好于台车炉固溶处理,可以避免后续矫直时因形变硬化和γ-Fe→α-Fe转变造成的硬度提升。

关键词: 1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢, 固溶处理, 形变硬化

Abstract: Effect of solution treatment by induction heating on the phase, microstructure and mechanical properties of 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel was studied by means of XRD, metallographic microscope and mechanical properties test. The difference between solution treatment by induction heating and conventional bench furnace was compared and analyzed. The results show that the microstructure of the as-hot rolled 1Cr18Ni9Ti steel is composed of γ-Fe, a small amount of (Cr,Fe)₇C₃ and a small amount of TiC. After solution treatment by induction heating, the carbides dissolve into the austenite matrix, and a complete austenite structure is obtained at 1040 ℃. When the temperature exceeds 1040 ℃, the austenite grains begin to coarsen. Analysis of the penetration depth of induction heating current shows that when the power supply frequency is 4000 Hz, 1040 ℃ induction heating can heat the entire cross-section of ø22 mm 1Cr18Ni9Ti steel bar, and the uniformity of the microstructure after solution treatment is good. The yield strength, tensile strength and hardness of the 1Cr18Ni9Ti steel decrease with the increase of solution temperature, while the impact absorbed energy and elongation after fracture increase with the increase of solution temperature, however, the strength and hardness decrease obviously and the change in impact absorbed energy and elongation is not significant when the temperature exceeds 1040 ℃. The microstructure and comprehensive mechanical properties of the 1Cr18Ni9Ti steel after solution treatment at 1040 ℃ by induction heating are better, and the berding degree of the bar is much better than that after solution treatment by bench furnace, which can avoid the increase in hardness caused by deformation hardening and the transformation from γ-Fe to α-Fe during subsequent straightening.

Key words: 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel, solution treatment, deformation hardening

中图分类号:

TG156.94

杨攀, 倪燕红, 王晓军, 李欢, 刘光辉. 1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢的感应加热固溶处理[J]. 金属热处理, 2025, 50(10): 243-247.

Yang Pan, Ni Yanhong, Wang Xiaojun, Li Huan, Liu Guanghui. Solution treatment of 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel by induction heating[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2025, 50(10): 243-247.

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