纳米贝氏体对GCr15轴承钢M/Bn复合组织和力学性能的影响

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2025.05.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过对GCr15轴承钢采用油淬和200 ℃等温盐淬热处理,获得马氏体(M)和不同纳米贝氏体(B_n)含量的复合组织(M/B_n)。采用扫描电镜、洛氏硬度计和冲击试验机对微观组织、硬度和冲击性能进行表征,以研究M/B_n复合组织中纳米贝氏体含量对GCr15轴承钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明,油淬GCr15轴承钢的组织主要由球状颗粒碳化物、回火马氏体和残留奥氏体组成;等温淬火后,轴承钢的组织主要由球状碳化物、回火马氏体、贝氏体、残留奥氏体和二次析出细小碳化物组成。随着纳米贝氏体含量的增加,GCr15钢的硬度逐渐降低。采用860 ℃奥氏体化,盐浴200 ℃保温2 h,再经200 ℃回火后,获得的M/B_n复合组织硬度与845 ℃奥氏体化,油淬后经155 ℃回火获得的马氏体组织的硬度相当。此时,具有M/B_n复合组织钢中纳米贝氏体含量为47%,硬度为61.5 HRC,全马氏体组织钢的硬度为61.1 HRC,M/B_n复合组织钢的冲击吸收能量为9.92 J,全马氏体组织钢的冲击吸收能量为7.67 J,具有M/B_n复合组织钢的冲击吸收能量提高了29.34%,表明在硬度相当的情况下,M/B_n复合组织具有更好的综合力学性能。

关键词: GCr15轴承钢, 纳米贝氏体, M/B_n复合组织, 硬度, 冲击性能

Abstract: By oil quenching and 200 ℃ isothermal salt quenching for GCr15 bearing steel, composite structures (M/B_n) with martensite (M) and different contents of nano bainite (B_n) were obtained. The microstructure, hardness, and impact properties of the GCr15 bearing steel were characterized by means of scanning electron microscope, Rockwell hardness tester and impact testing machine to investigate the effect of nano bainite content in M/B_n composite microstructure on the microstructure and properties of the GCr15 bearing steel. The results show that the microstructure of oil quenched GCr15 bearing steel is mainly composed of spherical particle carbides, tempered martensite, and retained austenite. After isothermal salt quenching, the microstructure of bearing steel is mainly composed of spherical carbides, tempered martensite, bainite, retained austenite, and secondary precipitated fine carbides. The hardness of GCr15 steel gradually decreases with the increase of content of nano bainite. After austenitizing at 860 ℃, salt bath at 200 ℃ for 2 h, and then tempering at 200 ℃, the hardness of the M/B_n composite structure is equivalent to that of the fully martensitic microstructure obtained by austenitizing at 845 ℃, oil quenching and then tempering at 155 ℃. At this time, the content of nano bainite in the steel with M/B_n composite structure is 47%, with a hardness of 61.5 HRC, while that of the steel with fully martensitic microstructure is 61.1 HRC. Compared with the impact absorbed energy (7.67 J) of the steel with fully martensitic microstructure, the impact absorbed energy (9.92 J) of the steel with M/B_n composite structure is increased by 29.34%, indicating that under similar hardness, the M/B_n composite structure achieves better comprehensive mechanical properties.

Key words: GCr15 bearing steel, nano bainite, M/B_n composite structure, hardness, impact property

中图分类号:

TG142.4

周丽娜, 杨晓峰, 麻健鹏, 魏英华, 于兴福. 纳米贝氏体对GCr15轴承钢M/B_n复合组织和力学性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2025, 50(5): 40-45.

Zhou Lina, Yang Xiaofeng, Ma Jianpeng, Wei Yinghua, Yu Xingfu. Effect of nanostructured bainite on M/B_n composite microstructure and mechanical properties of GCr15 bearing steel[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2025, 50(5): 40-45.

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