齿轮深层渗碳淬火过程晶界氧化机理及工艺改进

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2025.12.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对齿轮深层渗碳淬火过程中晶界氧化深度超深的问题,通过理论与试验相结合的方法,分析了晶界氧化(IGO)机理,并对渗碳淬火工艺进行了改进。结果表明,渗碳温度、渗碳时间、碳势及材料合金元素种类均对晶界氧化有较大影响。晶界氧化主要形成时间在强渗阶段,当强渗时间超过80 h后,IGO深度基本不再增加。淬火过程对IGO深度有减小的作用。提高渗碳温度和碳势以及采用冷速更高的淬火介质,可有效降低深层齿轮渗碳淬火过程的IGO深度。硬化层深度e＞5.0 mm的齿轮采用渗碳温度930 ℃、碳势1.25% 以及硝盐淬火工艺处理后,IGO深度由改进前的48.0 μm降低至34.5 μm,下降了39.1%。移动极差平均值从改进前的26.7 下降至6.0。

关键词: 齿轮, 晶界氧化, 渗碳温度, 碳势, 淬火介质

Abstract: To address the problem of excessive intergranular oxidation (IGO) depth during deep carburizing and quenching of gears, a combined theoretical and experimental approach was used to analyze the IGO mechanism, and the carburizing and quenching process was improved. The results show that carburizing temperature, carburizing time, carbon potential, and types of alloying elements in the material all have significant impact on intergranular oxidation. The main period for intergranular oxidation formation is during the intensive carburizing stage. When the intensive carburizing time exceeds 80 h, the IGO depth basically stops increasing. The quenching process has a reducing effect on IGO depth. Increasing the carburizing temperature and carbon potential, as well as using a quenchant with a higher cooling rate, can effectively reduce the IGO depth during deep gear carburizing and quenching. For gears with hardening layer depth e>5.0 mm, after treatment with a carburizing temperature of 930 ℃, a carbon potential of 1.25%, and a nitrate salt quenching process, the IGO depth decreases from 48.0 μm before improvement to 34.5 μm, being a reduction of 39.1%. The average moving range decreases from 26.7 before improvement to 6.0.

Key words: gears, intergranular oxidation, carburizing temperature, carbon potential, quenchant

中图分类号:

TG156

邓春燕, 王力, 胡昭南, 安康. 齿轮深层渗碳淬火过程晶界氧化机理及工艺改进[J]. 金属热处理, 2025, 50(12): 83-88.

Deng Chunyan, Wang Li, Hu Zhaonan, An Kang. Intergranular oxidation mechanism and process improvement of gears during deep carburizing and quenching[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2025, 50(12): 83-88.

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