等温淬火对轨道用贝氏体钢氢扩散行为的影响

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2025.06.023

金属热处理 ›› 2025, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (6): 145-152.DOI: 10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2025.06.023

等温淬火对轨道用贝氏体钢氢扩散行为的影响

李硕妍¹, 张玉鹏¹, 王鑫², 吕博³, 郑春雷¹

1.燕山大学材料科学与工程学院, 河北秦皇岛 066004;
2.廊坊燕京职业技术学院, 河北廊坊 065200;
3.燕山大学环境与化学工程学院, 河北秦皇岛 066004

收稿日期:2024-12-07 修回日期:2025-03-25 出版日期:2025-06-25 发布日期:2025-07-08
通讯作者: 郑春雷,副研究员,博士,E-mail: zhengclysu@ysu.edu.cn
作者简介:李硕妍(1998—),女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为金属氢扩散及第一性原理计算,E-mail: 1584513218@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划专项(2021YFB3703500)

Effect of isothermal quenching on hydrogen diffusion of bainitic rail steel

Li Shuoyan¹, Zhang Yupeng¹, Wang Xin², Lü Bo³, Zheng Chunlei¹

1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao Hebei 066004, China;
2. Langfang Yanjing Vocational and Technical College, Langfang Hebei 065200, China;
3. College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao Hebei 066004, China

Received:2024-12-07 Revised:2025-03-25 Online:2025-06-25 Published:2025-07-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究各类氢陷阱对轨道用中碳钢氢扩散的影响,将同一试验钢加热到930 ℃使其完全奥氏体化后分别在320、340、395 ℃进行等温淬火或直接油淬处理,再进行320 ℃×1 h回火处理,得到3种贝氏体组织和一种马氏体组织。通过对试验钢中的残留奥氏体、微观组织等进行表征,并结合氢渗透试验探究了氢在不同组织的钢中的扩散行为。结果表明:320~395 ℃等温淬火+回火后,随着等温温度的增加,贝氏体显微组织逐渐粗化,残留奥氏体含量增加,位错密度以及残奥中的碳含量略有降低,硬度有所降低。直接油淬+回火后,马氏体组织中的残留奥氏体含量最低,但是位错密度和残留奥氏体中的碳含量很高,硬度也最高,但两类淬火所得组织中均以大角度晶界为主。在这些氢陷阱的综合作用下,随着等温温度的升高,贝氏体钢的有效氢扩散系数由 4.22×10^-5 cm²/s 降低到 3.67×10^-5 cm²/s;而直接油淬+回火试验钢的有效氢扩散系数最大,为 5.55×10^-5 cm²/s。因此,当钢中含有马氏体组织时,氢扩散系数最高,更容易发生断裂。

关键词: 贝氏体钢, 等温淬火, 氢扩散, 残留奥氏体

Abstract: To explore the effect of various hydrogen traps on the hydrogen diffusion of medium carbon steel used in tracks, the same tested steel was heated to 930 ℃ to achieve complete austenitizing, and then isothermal quenching or direct oil quenching treatment was carried out at 320 ℃, 340 ℃, and 395 ℃ respectively. After tempering at 320 ℃ for 1 h, three bainitic structures and one martensitic structure were obtained. By characterizing the retained austenite and microstructure in the tested steel and combining with the hydrogen permeation test, the diffusion behavior of hydrogen in steels with different microstructure was investigated. The results show that after isothermal quenching and tempering at 320-395 ℃, with the increase of isothermal temperature, the bainite microstructure gradually coarser, the content of retained austenite increases, the dislocation density and the carbon content in the restained austenite slightly decrease, and the hardness decreases. After direct oil quenching and tempering, the retained austenite content in the martensitic structure is the lowest, but the dislocation density and carbon content in the retained austenite are very high, and the hardness is also the highest. However, in both types of quenched structures, large-angle grain boundaries are mainly present. Under the combined effect of these hydrogen traps, with the increase of isothermal temperature, the effective hydrogen diffusion coefficient of bainitic steel decreased from 4.22×10^-5 cm²/s to 3.67×10^-5 cm²/s. The effective hydrogen diffusion coefficient of the steel tested by direct oil quenching+tempering is the largest, which is 5.55×10^-5 cm²/s. Therefore, when the steel contains martensitic structure, the hydrogen diffusion coefficient is the highest and it is more prone to fracture.

Key words: bainitic steel, isothermal quenching, hydrogen diffusion, retained austenite

中图分类号:

TG142.1

李硕妍, 张玉鹏, 王鑫, 吕博, 郑春雷. 等温淬火对轨道用贝氏体钢氢扩散行为的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2025, 50(6): 145-152.

Li Shuoyan, Zhang Yupeng, Wang Xin, Lü Bo, Zheng Chunlei. Effect of isothermal quenching on hydrogen diffusion of bainitic rail steel[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2025, 50(6): 145-152.

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等温淬火对轨道用贝氏体钢氢扩散行为的影响

Effect of isothermal quenching on hydrogen diffusion of bainitic rail steel

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