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Effect of stacking fault energy on deformation mechanism in face centered cubic high-entropy alloy

Zhang Bo, Li Jie, Wu Kaidi, Niu Lichong, Wan Decheng, Feng Yunli

Heat Treatment of Metals 2023, 48 (8): 225-234. doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2023.08.037

Abstract （180）

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Properties of high-entropy alloys can be tuned by changing the types and ratios of alloying elements, which affect the stacking fault energy and phase stability of the alloy system, then the plastic deformation mechanism of the alloy can be changed, thus the optimal comprehensive mechanical properties can be obtained. The factors that affect the stacking fault energy of face centered cubic high-entropy alloys, and the influence of stacking fault energy on deformation mechanism, are reviewed. And the methods that can affect the mechanical properties by changing the activation order of deformation mechanisms by adjusting the stacking fault energy are prospected.

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“Thought” of metallic materials

Yuan Zhizhong, Dai Qixun, Wang Andong, Ju Yulin, Cao Fuyang, Luo Rui

Heat Treatment of Metals 2023, 48 (5): 1-5. doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2023.05.001

Abstract （141）

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“Thought” of metallic materials is refined from the systematic and comprehensive perspectives. The contradictory law of the evolution process of metallic materials properties is revealed. The complexity of the role of alloy elements is summarized. The quantitative and qualitative change law of microstructure evolution of metallic materials is expounded, and the multidirectional variability of heat treatment processes is illustrated as well.

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Research progress of chemical heat treatment of titanium alloys

Liu Gang, Liu Jing, Yang Feng, Xiang Qing

Heat Treatment of Metals 2022, 47 (8): 249-256. doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2022.08.042

Abstract （120）

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Due to the dense passivation film, high oxygen affinity and low atomic diffusion coefficient of titanium alloy, the surface strengthening is difficult to achieve. However, the carbonitride and solid solution phase of titanium have excellent properties. The surface structure of titanium alloy can be greatly changed by four chemical heat treatment technologies, such as nitriding, carburizing, boronizing, and diffusion metallizing, and the surface hardness and strength are improved. The common technical characteristics, microstructure, strengthening mechanism and mechanical behavior of the titanium alloy chemical heat treatment were summarized, and the development prospect of chemical heat treatment in the future was forecasted.

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Research progress on mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of CrAlN-based coatings

He Tao, Cao Hongshuai, Li Beibei, Qi Fugang, Zhao Nie, Liao Bin, Ouyang Xiaoping

Heat Treatment of Metals 2024, 49 (9): 297-307. doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2024.09.050

Abstract （109）

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CrAlN coatings are extensively applied in the protection of the cutting tools and molds due to their higher hardness and abrasive resistance. Firstly, the structure of CrAlN coatings and its effect on the mechanical properties and thermal decomposition mechanism of the coatings is introduced in the present review, and then pointing out that the Al content and its existence mode are important factors affecting the structure and properties of CrAlN crystals. Secondly, research status of CrAlN-based multicomponent coating and multilayer coating about the mechanical properties and high temperature oxidation resistance properties is reviewed. Focused on the doping modification of elements and the designing of multilayer coating structure, the advantages and disadvantages of various modification methods are compared and analyzed, then the doping of Si, Y, V and their influence to the performance of coating are summarized, and pointing out that constructing nanoscale multilayer coating can significantly improve the performance. Finally, the high-temperature oxidation behavior and high-temperature failure mechanism of CrAlN-based coatings are discussed, providing a reference for the performance optimization of CrAlN-based hard coatings.

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Application status and development trend of on-site PWHT technology for pressure vessels

Wang Zhigang, Luo Yongzhi, Qin Zuowei

Heat Treatment of Metals 2022, 47 (9): 281-285. doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2022.09.047

Abstract （92）

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Research and development trends of pressure vessel on-site post-weld heat treatment technology at home and abroad are reviewed. The on-site post-weld heat treatment methods and some of research and application results obtained by domestic and foreign researchers are briefly described, and the research and application direction of post-weld heat treatment technology for super large diameter and super thick wall vessels are prospected.

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Research progress on laser shock peened microstructure and thermal stability of additive manufactured titanium alloy

Wang Jun, He Bo, Lei Yiyu, Jia Wenjing, Lan Liang, Gao Shuang

Heat Treatment of Metals 2022, 47 (8): 242-248. doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2022.08.041

Abstract （91）

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Firstly, the action mechanism of laser shock peening(LSP) is summarized. Then the research status of laser peening to improve the microstructure and properties of titanium alloys additive manufactured at home and abroad is reviewed. On this basis, it is discussed that the limitation of the application of LSP in additive manufacturing is largely due to the existence of a large number of non-equilibrium structures, which will turn to an equilibrium state to change the properties under thermodynamics. Furthermore, some attempts and problems in thermodynamics and kinetics to stabilize the nanocrystalline structure induced by LSP are summarized, and it is innovatively proposed that nitrides and solid solution atoms can be precipitated by nitriding with good diffusion properties of LSP to hinder the migration of grain boundaries. Finally, the future research direction in this field and the establishment of a database of additive manufacturing titanium alloy-LSP-thermal stability are proposed to promote the development of the field.

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Research application status and prospect of 7××× series ultra-high strength aluminum alloy in rail transit vehicles in China

Wen Chao, Zhu Zhengfeng, Wang Qun, Chen Songyi, Chen Kanghua

Heat Treatment of Metals 2024, 49 (3): 302-312. doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2024.03.049

Abstract （90）

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7××× series ultra-high strength aluminum alloys with high specific strength, good toughness and corrosion resistance have important application potential and development prospect in bogie components of rail vehicles to meet the major application requirements of green, safe, efficient and intelligent in the manufacturing of new generation rail vehicles. The development trend of the 7××× series ultra-high-strength aluminum alloys is reviewed. In view of the new manufacturing and service requirements of the 7××× series ultra-high-strength aluminum alloys for rail vehicles, the performance characteristics and research status of two typical 7××× series ultra-high strength aluminum alloys (7050 and 7085 alloy) have been introduced and compared. The problems that need to be studied and solved in the application and service of the 7××× series series ultra-high strength aluminum alloy with high efficiency, safety and long life under complex conditions are also prospected. It is expected to provide a guideline for the design, material selection, manufacture and application of bogie components of new generation rail transit vehicles.

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Research progress of medium manganese steels with high product of strength and elongation for automobile

Wang Mingming, Ma Fei, Pei Weichi, Li Dongdong, Long Haiyang, Ji Hongchao, Liu Shuai

Heat Treatment of Metals 2022, 47 (9): 272-280. doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2022.09.046

Abstract （85）

PDF （630KB）（54）

Taking high product of strength and elongation medium manganese steel as subject, the influence mechanism of alloying and hot working process on the structure regulation of high product of strength and elongation medium manganese steel was reviewed, as well as the influence of different structures on product of strength and elongation of medium manganese steel, providing reference for the research, development and preparation of medium manganese steel. In addition, further research on the structure regulation and performance enhancement of medium manganese steel also put forward relevant suggestions.

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Current status and prospect of induction cladding technology

Wang Hao, Xi Yanjun, Ma Mingxing, Guan Xiaoyan, Zhang Ruijie, Liu Ying

Heat Treatment of Metals 2024, 49 (2): 265-273. doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2024.02.042

Abstract （82）

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With the rapid development of industrial production, the traditional surface modification technology can no longer meet the needs of the industry, and there are obvious shortcomings, so the coatings with excellent wear resistance, corrosion resistance and high temperature oxidation resistance become research hotspot. Modern cladding technology, with its characteristics of stability, high efficiency and easy automation, has made achievements in the field of surface modification technology and has been widely used in industry. The development history of induction cladding technology is primarily reviewed, the aspects such as process parameters, multi-heat source composite cladding technology, and auxiliary techniques are summarized. The research on the simulation of the energy field in induction cladding is introduced, the reasons for the formation of defects in induction cladding technology are systematically analyzed, and the problems existing in both the technical processes and simulation research of induction cladding are identified. Based on the principles of induction cladding, the auxiliary techniques are focused on, and the shortcomings and solutions of various research directions in current induction cladding technology are proposed. Finally, in view of the needs for high performance integrated coating materials in stable service under extreme environment, the development of coating technology represented by composite technology for induction cladding is prospected.

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Research progress on surface modification of zirconium alloys

Liu Zhanghui, Hu Haiyang, Wang Jiangang, Zhu Xiaoye, Ma Jing, Li Jianhui, Yu Huichao, Feng Zhihao

Heat Treatment of Metals 2022, 47 (12): 258-268. doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2022.12.043

Abstract （79）

PDF （643KB）（51）

Taking the surface modification technology of zirconium alloy as the main line, the types and research status of current modification methods were briefly described, and the principle, research progress, advantages and disadvantages of common surface modification preparation technologies such as physical vapor deposition, laser surface treatment, anodic oxidation, microarc oxidation and ion implantation were emphatically introduced. The theoretical problems to be solved and the technical bottlenecks to be overcome of the surface modification of zirconium alloys were discussed. Finally, the future research work and engineering application prospect of zirconium alloy surface modification were prospected based on the related research progress.

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Research progress on heat treatment of β titanium alloy

Xiao Hao, Sun Yang, Fan Juanjuan, Wei Haitao, Yi Junying, Yao Liu

Heat Treatment of Metals 2023, 48 (11): 258-265. doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2023.11.043

Abstract （77）

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β titanium alloy is widely used in the fields of high performance and advanced engineering such as aerospace, marine, military and biomedical, but the current process application puts forward higher requirements for its properties. β titanium alloy can be strengthened by heat treatment. The heat treatment process of β titanium alloy in recent years was reviewed. Firstly, the main phase composition and phase transformation of β titanium alloy were systematically overviewed. Then, the effects of typical heat treatment process, plastic deformation mechanism and newly developed pre-deformation aging process on microstructure evolution and properties were described and analyzed. Finally, the development trend of heat treatment process of β titanium alloy was prospected.

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Advances on surface treatment process of tantalum

Wang Zhehao

Heat Treatment of Metals 2024, 49 (2): 259-264. doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2024.02.041

Abstract （76）

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Research advances and application examples of surface treatment technologies such as infiltration layer, micro-arc oxidation, chemical vapor deposition, and thermal spraying to improve the comprehensive properties of tantalum metal, reduce the failure behavior of tantalum materials, and enhance the service life of tantalum equipment were summarized. Finally, the development direction of surface reinforcement treatment for tantalum materials was discussed.

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Research status of bainitic non-quenched and tempered cold heading steels for grade 10.9 fasteners

Huang Zhiguo, Cao Yongzheng, Li Yanyan, Jiang Bo

Heat Treatment of Metals 2023, 48 (8): 219-224. doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2023.08.036

Abstract （73）

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Research status of non-quenched and tempered cold heading steels for fasteners in China was summarized. The strengthening and toughening mechanisms were discussed from the aspects such as grain refinement and dislocation strengthening. In addition, the key to control the microstructure and performance of cold heading steel rolled materials and deep processing fasteners was clarified. Finally, the development trend and research focus of non-quenched and tempered cold heading steels were summarized, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development and production of 10.9 grade high-strength non-quenched and tempered cold heading steels.

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Research progress of Q&P steel for automobiles

Gao Xueran, Chen Xiaohu, Yuan Siyu, Wang Xu

Heat Treatment of Metals 2023, 48 (7): 245-253. doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2023.07.041

Abstract （69）

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Current research status of Q&P steel was introduced through four aspects: the production process of Q&P steel, the role of alloying elements, the thermodynamics and dynamics of C composition and the influence of process parameters, and the future research direction of Q&P steel was prospected. The microstructure of Q&P steel after quenching and partitioning process is martensite and retained austenite, the martensite provides high strength and the retained austenite produces a TRIP effect to enhance the plastic deformation ability with effect of stress and strain. The heart of the Q&P process is to get the maximum availability of stable retained austenite, which depends critically on the partitioning process of C, and the optimal quenching temperature can be predicted by thermodynamic theoretical model calculations. The addition of alloying elements can inhibit the precipitation of carbides, refine austenite grains and stabilize austenite. The process parameters have a great influence on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Q&P steel, the quenching temperature determines the content of initial martensite and the subsequent partitioning process, and the partitioning temperature and partitioning time significantly affect the diffusion power of C atoms, so it is particularly important to select the appropriate process parameters.

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Research progress on preparation technology and coating of nano-powder by plasma spraying

Chen Baisen, Meng Junsheng, Wang You, Shi Xiaoping

Heat Treatment of Metals 2023, 48 (7): 223-236. doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2023.07.039

Abstract （60）

PDF （3299KB）（151）

In modern industry, plasma spraying technology has become an important method to improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the surface of mechanical parts. As a spraying material, the nano-powder can effectively improve the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance and other aspects of plasma spraying coating, which has research value in the application of surface protection of parts and components. It is of great significance for the energy conservation and environmental protection, and has become a research hot spot in the field of surface modification at home and abroad. Based on this, on the basis of a large number of literature, the preparation method of nano powder from three aspects as solid phase method, liquid phase method and gas phase method is introduced, research on the regranulation technology of nano-powder at home and abroad is summarized, the preparation methods of nano-powder feed, including spray drying, mechanical grinding and liquid phase precursor synthesis are described, and the preparation method of liquid phase precursor synthesis method is focused on. From the selection of nano-powder for plasma spraying to the preparation of coating, the application results of nano-coating in wear resistance, corrosion resistance, thermal barrier and self-lubrication are reviewed in detail, furthermore, the influence of plasma spraying parameters (spraying power, spraying distance, moving speed of spray gun, spraying gas parameters) on quality of the nano-coating is inductively analyzed. Finally, the problems and shortcomings in the preparation of plasma sprayed nano-powder feed are discussed, and the future research direction of plasma sprayed nano-coating is prospected.

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Research progress of annealed strip flatness optimization technology for cold-rolled ultra-high-strength steel

Zhang Liyang, Wan Zhaotang, Zhang Wenjun

Heat Treatment of Metals 2022, 47 (11): 230-237. doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2022.11.040

Abstract （59）

PDF （610KB）（30）

Equipment configuration and development of the continuous annealing line was briefly introduced, and the development direction for annealed strip flatness optimization technology of cold-rolled ultra-high-strength steel was analyzed. For the problem of strip flatness, based on the analysis of the evolution mechanism of flatness during annealing process, the flatness optimization technology from the aspects of heating zone flatness optimization, cooling zone flatness optimization, skin-pass zone flatness optimization, annealing tension system optimization and furnace roll profile optimization was summarized. The effect of incoming strip flatness, annealing tension, annealing process, rapid heating and cooling technology, temperature uniformity along the width of the strip, furnace roll profile and skin-pass process on strip flatness of continuous annealing line was pointed out, which played an important guiding role in mastering the key process technology of strip flatness control in the continuous annealing process of ultra-high-strength steel and improving the core competitiveness of enterprises. Finally, the development trend of continuous annealing technology was also prospected.

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Research progress of vacuum low-pressure carburizing technology and equipment development

Jiang Chao, Cong Peiwu, Lu Wenlin, Yao Jiawei, Ma Jingbo, Liu Guihua, Du Chunhui

Heat Treatment of Metals 2024, 49 (12): 111-121. doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2024.12.020

Abstract （49）

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Current research status of vacuum low-pressure carburizing technology was systematically discussed. The development trend of vacuum low-pressure carburizing technology was analyzed from the prospectives of process, theory, equipment and application, which provides ideas for breaking the bottleneck of single strengthening performance technology and promoting the application of vacuum low-pressure carburizing technology in new materials and fields. At the same time, the development of vacuum low-pressure carburizing equipment at home and abroad was compared, providing reference and inspiration for equipment manufacturing enterprises.

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Factors influencing precipitation strengthening behavior of aluminum-lithium alloys and their research progress

Zhang Liwen, Liu Qiang, Lei Chao, Shen Xuehong

Heat Treatment of Metals 2024, 49 (3): 313-319. doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2024.03.050

Abstract （48）

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Heat-treatable aluminum alloys can obtain higher mechanical properties through aging strengthening, but the aging strengthening behavior of the alloys is affected by many factors. The effects of temperature, pre-deformation, thermomechanical treatment, applied stress and applied electric field on alloy precipitation kinetics and strengthening behavior are summarized. Through reviewing and analyzing the influencing factors, it is hoped to provide the theoretical basis for the design and preparation of high-strength aluminum-lithium alloys.

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Research progress on on-line heat treatment technology for U75V steel rail with 100-meter length

Zhanghui Zeying, Gao Mingxin, Song Hua, Wang Yang, Yang Jian

Heat Treatment of Metals 2024, 49 (6): 270-276. doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2024.06.042

Abstract （46）

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Methods, characteristics and research progress of on-line heat treatment process for U75V steel rail with 100-meter length were summarized. Effects of heat treatment cooling process parameters and spray cooling process parameters on the production efficiency, microstructure and mechanical properties of the heat treated U75V steel rail with 100-meter length were introduced. Suggestions for future research on the heat treatment process of pearlite rail with 100-meter length were proposed. It is meaningful to study the effect of cooling process parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the steel rails, with the goal of shortening the required heat treatment cooling time, and optimize them. Reducing the allowable fluctuation range of alloy composition content is beneficial for improving the properties of the U75V steel rail in combination with the optimization of heat treatment process. A nozzle or air spraying process that combines heat transfer capability and uniformity is beneficial for optimizing the heat treatment process of the steel rails and improving their properties.

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Research progress on laser surface melting treatment of magnesium alloys

Zhang Xi, Wen Jinhao, Wu Bingbing, Xie Fang, Ma Xinbo, Kong Fanxiao

Heat Treatment of Metals 2023, 48 (7): 237-244. doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2023.07.040

Abstract （42）

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Magnesium alloys are excellent lightweight material and potential implant material for human body. However, they are active and have poor corrosion resistance. The laser surface melting (LSM) technology can quickly form a melting layer with fine grains on the surface of magnesium alloy and change the surface microstructure and composition, and has an important influence on improving the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. The recent studies on laser surface melting of the magnesium alloys are reviewed. The effect of laser surface melting on microstructure, composition, wettability, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of the magnesium alloys is analyzed. The development directions of laser melting treatment on microstructure transformation, corrosion mechanism and mechanical behavior, degradation behavior and biocompatibility of the magnesium alloys are summarized and prospected.

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