合金成分对穿孔顶头用钢氧化膜形成的影响

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2025.11.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究合金成分对穿孔顶头用钢表面氧化膜生长行为的影响,在高温C₂H₅OH-H₂O气氛中对穿孔顶头用50Cr、20CrNi4和20Cr2Ni4MoW钢进行两段式氧化处理。采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪及显微硬度计对氧化膜进行分析。结果表明,3种钢均在表面得到双层氧化膜结构。外层氧化膜主要为Fe₃O₄和Fe₂O₃,均以Fe₃O₄的(400)面为主要生长方向,硬度在400~500 HV0.02之间;内层氧化膜主要为Fe₃O₄和FeO,且含有大量的合金元素,50Cr钢内层含Fe-Cr相,而20CrNi4和20Cr2Ni4MoW钢内层则含有Fe-Ni相。随Cr当量增大,钢表面氧化膜厚度减小,而Ni当量越大,内层氧化膜占总氧化膜厚度的比例则越大。3种钢在内氧化区域均存在一定程度的脱碳现象,导致硬度下降,其中50Cr钢硬度下降幅度最大,表明其不适宜做为顶头用钢。

关键词: 穿孔顶头, 氧化膜, Cr当量, Ni当量, 物相

Abstract: In order to investigate the effect of alloy composition on the growth behavior of oxide film on the piercing-plug steel, two-stage oxidation treatment was carried out on 50Cr, 20CrNi4, and 20Cr2Ni4MoW steel in a high-temperature C₂H₅OH-H₂O atmosphere. The oxide film was analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, and microhardness tester. The results indicate that a double-layer oxide film structure is obtained on the surface of all the three steels. The outer oxide film is mainly Fe₃O₄ and Fe₂O₃, all of which grow mainly on the (400) surface of Fe₃O₄, with a hardness between 400-500 HV0.02. The inner oxide film is mainly composed of Fe₃O₄ and FeO and contains a large number of alloying elements. The inner layer of the 50Cr steel contains Fe-Cr phase, while the inner layers of the 20CrNi4 and 20Cr2Ni4MoW steel contain Fe-Ni phase. As the Cr equivalent increases, the thickness of the surface oxide film decreases, whereas a higher Ni equivalent leads to a greater proportion of the inner oxide layer relative to the total oxide film thickness. All the three steels exhibit some degree of decarburization in the internal oxidation zone, resulting in a decrease in hardness. The 50Cr steel shows the most significant reduction, indicating that it is not suitable for use as piercing-plug steel.

Key words: piercing plug, oxide film, Cr equivalent, Ni equivalent, phase

中图分类号:

TG178

卢磊, 李立兵, 田青超. 合金成分对穿孔顶头用钢氧化膜形成的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2025, 50(11): 32-41.

Lu Lei, Li Libing, Tian Qingchao. Effect of alloy composition on formation of oxide film on piercing-plug steel[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2025, 50(11): 32-41.

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