金属热处理 ›› 2025, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (9): 293-297.DOI: 10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2025.09.046

• 失效分析 • 上一篇    下一篇

柴油机传动花键轴断裂原因分析

焦丽1, 安志军1, 赵灵1, 袁晓桐2, 王国亮1, 孙晓东1, 高鹏飞1   

  1. 1.河北华北柴油机有限责任公司, 河北 石家庄 050081;
    2.陆军装备部北京军事代表局驻石家庄地区第三军事代表室, 河北 石家庄 050000
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-28 修回日期:2025-06-01 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-10-13
  • 作者简介:焦 丽(1975—),女,高级工程师,主要研究方向为金相分析与检测以及零部件的失效分析,E-mail:jl11091008@163.com。

Failure analysis on transmission spline shaft of diesel engine

Jiao Li1, An Zhijun1, Zhao Ling1, Yuan Xiaotong2, Wang Guoliang1, Sun Xiaodong1, Gao Pengfei1   

  1. 1. Hebei Huabei Diesel Engine Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang Hebei 050081, China;
    2. 3th Military Representative Office in Shijiazhuang Region of the Beijing Military Representative Bureau of the Army Equipment Department, Shijiazhuang Hebei 050000, China
  • Received:2024-11-28 Revised:2025-06-01 Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-10-13

摘要: 柴油机传动花键轴在考核试验过程中发生断裂,通过宏观检验、有限元分析、化学成分分析、显微组织检验和扫描电镜分析等手段,对其断裂原因进行综合分析。结果表明,花键轴显微组织中大量非金属夹杂物破坏了基体的连续性;带状组织导致了力学性能的各向异性;调质后显微组织不良降低了材料的强度和耐疲劳性能,各种缺陷叠加降低了材料的整体抗力,共同导致了花键轴的断裂失效。

关键词: 花键轴, 非金属夹杂物, 带状组织, 调质

Abstract: Transmission spline shaft of a diesel engine fractured during the acceptance test period. The reasons of fracture were analyzed by means of macroscopic examination, finite element analysis, chemical composition analysis, metallographic test and SEM analysis. The results show that there are a large number of non-metallic inclusions in the metallographic structure of spline shaft, which destroys the continuity of the matrix. The banded structure leads to anisotropy in mechanical properties. The undesirable microstructure after quenching and tempering reduces the strength and fatigue resistance of the material, and the combination of various defects reduces the overall resistance of the material, collectively leading to the fracture failure of the spline shaft.

Key words: spline, non-metallic inclusions, banded microstructure, quenching and tempering

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