基于不同热处理工艺的弹簧钢性能及其板簧寿命预测

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2026.02.027

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为提升钢板弹簧性能,缩短设计周期,以51CrMnV弹簧钢为研究对象,对比了淬火回火和300 ℃等温淬火两种不同热处理工艺下的组织、拉伸以及疲劳性能,利用该试验数据在Ansys软件建立材料库,进行钢板弹簧的疲劳寿命预测。试验结果表明:淬火回火的显微组织为回火屈氏体,而等温淬火的组织为贝氏体+马氏体+残留奥氏体组成的复相组织。300 ℃等温淬火工艺处理后的51CrMnV弹簧钢相较于淬火回火工艺,其抗拉强度提升了70.5 MPa,断后伸长率提高3.6%,强塑积提高了43.2%;前者的疲劳寿命整体高于后者,在500~650 MPa应力区间内提高约两倍,疲劳极限提高56.63 MPa。仿真结果表明:等温淬火板簧相较于淬火回火板簧,刚度提高了9.5 N/mm,疲劳寿命提高了27 000次。

关键词: 51CrMnV弹簧钢, 等温淬火, 显微组织, 疲劳寿命, 有限元仿真

Abstract: In order to improve the performance of leaf spring and shorten the design cycle, 51CrMnV spring steel was selected as the research object, and the microstructure, tensile and fatigue properties under two different heat treatment processes of quenching-tempering and austempering at 300 ℃ were compared. Based on the experimental data, a material database was established in the Ansys software to predict the fatigue life of leaf springs. The experimental results show that the microstructure of the quenched-tempered steel is tempered troostite, while that of the austempered steel is a multiphase microstructure composed of bainite, martensite, and retained austenite. Compared with the quenching-tempering process, the 51CrMnV spring steel austempered at 300 ℃ exhibits a 70.5 MPa increase in tensile strength, a 3.6% rise in elongation after fracture, and a 43.2% improvement in the product of strength and elongation. Moreover, the fatigue life of the austempered steel is overall higher than that of the quenched-tempered counterpart—it is nearly doubled in the stress range of 500-650 MPa, and the fatigue limit is increased by 56.63 MPa. The simulation results indicate that, in contrast to the quenched-tempered leaf springs, the austempered ones achieve a 9.5 N/mm increase in stiffness and a 27 000-cycle improvement in fatigue life.

Key words: 51CrMnV spring steel, austempering, microstructure, fatigue life, finite element simulation

中图分类号:

TG142.1

许文兵, 周海安, 冯以盛, 张云山, 赵而团. 基于不同热处理工艺的弹簧钢性能及其板簧寿命预测[J]. 金属热处理, 2026, 51(2): 183-188.

Xu Wenbing, Zhou Haian, Feng Yisheng, Zhang Yunshan, Zhao Ertuan. Properties of spring steel and service life prediction of leaf springs based on different heat treatment processes[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2026, 51(2): 183-188.

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