基于退火与磨削工艺的2Cr13钢残余应力调控

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2026.02.029

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过优化退火工艺和磨削工艺参数,可改善超高强度钢2Cr13的残余应力分布,从而提高零件的服役安全性和可靠性。首先研究了不同退火工艺处理后的残余应力分布。基于有效的去应力退火处理,进行磨削工艺试验,并提出“残余应力体积评价法”对磨削工艺下的残余应力分布进行了分析与规律总结。结果表明,750 ℃保温2 h+400 ℃出炉空冷的去应力退火处理显著改善了2Cr13钢的残余应力分布,有效消除了初始残余应力。磨削工艺试验结果表明,残余应力分布的均匀性可通过残余应力云图的平滑度直观反映,残余应力体积的变化能够有效反映残余应力的大小。磨削工艺参数中,磨削深度对残余应力体积的影响最为显著,其次是进给速度,而砂轮速度的影响相对较小。当以残余应力体积最小值为目标时,最优参数组合为:砂轮速度30 m/s,进给速度0.3 m/min,磨削深度5 μm。

关键词: 2Cr13钢, 去应力退火, 残余应力, 残余应力体积, 磨削工艺

Abstract: By optimizing the annealing process and grinding process parameters, the residual stress distribution of ultra-high-strength steel 2Cr13 can be improved, thereby enhancing the service safety and reliability of the components. Firstly, the residual stress distribution after different annealing treatments was studied. Based on effective stress-relief annealing, grinding experiments were conducted, and a "residual stress volume evaluation method" was proposed to analyze and summarize the patterns of residual stress distribution under grinding conditions. The results show that stress-relief annealing at 750 ℃ for 2 h followed by air cooling from 400 ℃ significantly improves the residual stress distribution of the 2Cr13 steel and effectively eliminates the initial residual stress. The grinding experiment results indicate that the uniformity of residual stress distribution can be intuitively reflected by the smoothness of the residual stress cloud map, and the changes in residual stress volume can effectively reflect the magnitude of residual stress. Among the grinding process parameters, grinding depth has the most significant impact on the residual stress volume, followed by feed speed, while the influence of wheel speed is relatively small. When aiming for the minimum residual stress volume, the optimal parameter combination is: wheel speed of 30 m/s, feed speed of 0.3 m/min, and grinding depth of 5 μm.

Key words: 2Cr13 steel, stress-relief annealing, residual stress, residual stress volume, grinding process

中图分类号:

TG156

姚委宏, 丁子珊, 周瀚, 袁振宇. 基于退火与磨削工艺的2Cr13钢残余应力调控[J]. 金属热处理, 2026, 51(2): 195-203.

Yao Weihong, Ding Zishan, Zhou Han, Yuan Zhenyu. Residual stress regulation of 2Cr13 steel based on annealing and grinding processes[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2026, 51(2): 195-203.

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