晶粒细化与析出相耦合作用对304不锈钢晶间腐蚀行为的影响

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2025.04.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过深冷轧结合逆相变退火方式对304不锈钢进行组织纳米化,采用电子背散射衍射、电子探针和透射电镜研究了析出相与晶粒尺寸因素协同作用对304不锈钢晶间腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,深冷轧试验钢在700 ℃分别退火20、60和120 min后得到的初始组织晶粒尺寸分别为0.34、0.67和1.12 μm,3种退火样品中均存在大量的富Cr碳化物析出相,且析出相为M₂₃C₆;退火试样经650 ℃敏化2 h后,放入微沸的H₂SO₄-CuSO₄溶液中浸泡16 h后,700 ℃退火20 min制备的纳米/超细晶304不锈钢与同温度下制备的微米晶钢相比,具有相似的耐晶间腐蚀性能。初始组织中形成的富Cr碳化物析出相会极大地削弱晶粒细化对材料耐晶间腐蚀性能带来的积极作用。

关键词: 304不锈钢, 晶粒细化, 晶间腐蚀, 深冷轧, 退火, 富铬碳化物

Abstract: Microstructure of 304 stainless steel was nanostructured by using cryogenic rolling combined with reverse phase transformation annealing, and the synergistic effect of precipitates and grain size factors on the intergranular corrosion performance of the 304 stainless steel was studied by means of electron back-scattered diffraction, electron probe micro analyzer and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the initial grain size of the cryogenic rolling tested steel after annealing at 700 ℃ for 20, 60 and 120 min is 0.34, 0.67 and 1.12 μm, respectively. There are a large amount of Cr-rich carbide precipitates in the three annealed specimens, which are M₂₃C₆ precipitates. The three annealed specimens are sensitized at 650 ℃ for 2 h, and then immersed in a slightly boiling H₂SO₄-CuSO₄ solution for 16 h. The nano/ultrafine grained 304 stainless steel annealed at 700 ℃ for 20 min exhibits similar intergranular corrosion resistance compared to the micron grained steel prepared at the same temperature. The reason of which is that the precipitation of Cr-rich carbides formed in the initial structure greatly weakens the positive effect of grain refinement on the intergranular corrosion resistance of the material.

Key words: 304 strainless steel, grain refinement, intergranular corrosion, cryogenic rolling, annealing, Cr-rich carbide

中图分类号:

TG178

齐祥羽, 赵苗苗, 杜林秀, 严玲. 晶粒细化与析出相耦合作用对304不锈钢晶间腐蚀行为的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2025, 50(4): 149-155.

Qi Xiangyu, Zhao Miaomiao, Du Linxiu, Yan Ling. Effect of grain refinement and precipitates coupling on intergranular corrosion behavior of 304 stainless steel[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2025, 50(4): 149-155.

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