伞帽用高铬铸铁在热强碱腐蚀环境下的磨损分析

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2020.05.051

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对氧化铝行业中常用的Cr28和Cr20高铬铸铁伞帽在相同工况条件下的磨损机理进行分析,并对比研究了实际生产中两种失效材料的成分、组织及性能。结果表明,伞帽部件在高温强碱腐蚀条件下受到外界冲刷时,磨损量由微切削磨损与变形磨损这两种机制共同决定。含铬量较高的Cr28高铬铸铁,其冲刷和抗腐蚀磨损性能均优于Cr20高铬铸铁。伞帽服役寿命主要受浆料和表层的铸铁材料两大因素影响。两种试验材料经淬火+回火处理后,基体组织中主要为回火马氏体+M₇C₃型碳化物+少量残留奥氏体,其中含铬量较高的Cr28高铬铸铁中共晶碳化物含量更高,且分布更加弥散,其平均硬度值为64.0 HRC,高于Cr20高铬铸铁的60.2 HRC。最终确定Cr28高铬铸铁作为伞帽材质更能满足氧化铝生产及设备检修周期的需要。

关键词: 高铬铸铁, 伞帽, 冲蚀磨损, 强碱腐蚀, Cr/C比

Abstract: Wear mechanism under working conditions of high chromium cast iron Cr28 and Cr20 conventionally used for umbrella hat in the alumina industry was analyzed. And the composition, microstructure and properties of the failed parts made of these materials were compared and studied. The results show that, when the umbrella hat are eroded under the condition of high temperature and strong alkali, the abrasion loss is decided collaboratively by the mechanism of micro-cutting and deformation abrasion. The high chromium cast iron Cr28 with the more content of Cr has better erosion and abrasion properties than that of Cr20 cast iron. The service life of umbrella hat is depended on the slurry and cast iron materials on its surface. After quenching and tempering, the matrix microstructure of the two tested materials is mainly composed by tempered martensite, M₇C₃ carbide and a small amount of retained austenite. And the contents of eutectic carbides in the high chromium cast iron Cr28 is higher and more dispersed distribution, the average hardness is 64.0 HRC, which is higher than that of 60.2 HRC of Cr20 cast iron. Finally, it is determined that the umbrella hat produced by high chromium cast iron Cr28 can meet the requirements of the alumina production and overhaul period of the equipment.

Key words: high chromium cast iron, umbrella hat, erosion and abrasion, strong alkali corrosion, ratio of Cr/C

中图分类号:

TG141

黄伟. 伞帽用高铬铸铁在热强碱腐蚀环境下的磨损分析[J]. 金属热处理, 2020, 45(5): 266-271.

Huang Wei. Wear analysis of high chromium cast iron used for umbrella hat in corrosion environment of hot strong alkali[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2020, 45(5): 266-271.

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