马氏体型不锈钢的原始奥氏体晶粒形成和显示方法

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2025.06.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用不同的热处理工艺方案及常见的金相浸蚀剂,对马氏体型不锈钢的原始奥氏体晶粒形成和显示的方法进行了研究,筛选出了适合马氏体型不锈钢的原始奥氏体晶粒形成和显示的热处理工艺方法及金相浸蚀剂。结果表明,GB/T 6394—2017《金属平均晶粒度测定方法》附录A中推荐的直接淬硬法的热处理工艺及金相浸蚀剂并不适合作为马氏体型不锈钢的原始奥氏体晶粒形成和显示方法。对于亚共析型的马氏体不锈钢,应选在其淬火温度下保温、随炉缓冷至680 ℃、油冷的热处理工艺作为其原始奥氏体晶粒的形成方法;采用硝酸酒精溶液或三氯化铁盐酸水溶液对其原始奥氏体晶粒形貌进行腐蚀显示,能获得清晰的晶粒晶界形貌。而对于过共析型的马氏体不锈钢,应选在其淬火温度下保温、油冷的热处理工艺作为其原始奥氏体晶粒的形成方法;采用硝酸酒精溶液对其原始奥氏体晶粒形貌进行腐蚀显示,就能获得清晰的晶粒晶界形貌。

关键词: 马氏体型不锈钢, 原始奥氏体晶粒, 亚共析钢, 过共析钢

Abstract: Different heat treatment processes and common metallographic etchants were used to study the formation and display of primary austenite grains in martensitic stainless steel, and suitable heat treatment processes and metallographic etchants for the formation and display of primary austenite grains in martensitic stainless steel were screened. The results show that the heat treatment process schemes of direct hardening method and etching agent recommended in appendix A of the GB/T 6394—2017 “Determination of estimating the average grain size of metal” are not suitable for the formation and display of original austenite grains in martensitic stainless. The heat treatment process of soaking at its quenching temperature, slow cooling with the furnace to 680 ℃, and oil cooling, which is used as the formation method of original austenite grains for hypoeutectoid martensitic stainless steel. The original austenite grain boundary morphology of hypoeutectoid martensitic stainless steel can be displayed by nitric acid alcohol solution or ferric chloride hydrochloric acid solution. The heat treatment process of heat preservation at its quenching temperature and oil cooling shall be used as the formation method of original austenite grains for hypereutectoid martensitic stainless steel. The original austenite grain boundary morphology of hypereutectoid martensitic stainless steel can be displayed by nitric acid alcohol solution.

Key words: martensitic stainless steel, original austenite grain, hypoeutectoid steel, hypereutectoid steel

中图分类号:

TG115.21

刘松. 马氏体型不锈钢的原始奥氏体晶粒形成和显示方法[J]. 金属热处理, 2025, 50(6): 125-130.

Liu Song. Formation and display method of original austenite grains in martensitic stainless steel[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2025, 50(6): 125-130.

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