淬火工艺对DH350模具钢组织和力学性能的影响

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2024.02.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、冲击试验机和硬度计研究了1030 ℃油冷淬火+590 ℃回火+600 ℃回火(工艺Ⅰ)、1030 ℃空冷淬火+590 ℃回火+600 ℃回火(工艺Ⅱ)和1030 ℃油冷淬火+980 ℃油冷淬火+590 ℃回火+600 ℃回火(工艺Ⅲ)处理对DH350钢显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,3种热处理工艺下试验钢的组织均主要为回火马氏体+回火索氏体+碳化物;不同的是,工艺Ⅰ下组织的板条特征明显,细小碳化物弥散分布,此时硬度和冲击性能都较高,且冲击吸收能量波动较小,综合性能良好;工艺Ⅱ下组织的板条粗化明显,且碳化物沿晶界聚集,使得硬度降低,冲击性能恶化;工艺Ⅲ下组织的晶粒细化显著,但未溶碳化物较多且存在混晶现象,此时冲击吸收能量较高,但波动较大,同时硬度下降明显。因此,DH350模具钢的最佳热处理工艺为1030 ℃油冷淬火+590 ℃回火+600 ℃回火,此时硬度和冲击吸收能量分别为45.1 HRC和22.4 J。

关键词: 热作模具钢, 空冷淬火, 两次油冷淬火, 冲击性能, 硬度

Abstract: Effects of different heat treatment processes on the microstructure and mechanical properties of DH350 steel were studied by means of optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, impact testing machine and hardness tester. The heat treatment processes included: oil quenching at 1030 ℃+tempering at 590 ℃+tempering at 600 ℃ (process I), air quenching at 1030 ℃+tempering at 590 ℃+tempering at 600 ℃ (process II), and oil quenching at 1030 ℃+oil quenching at 980 ℃+tempering at 590 ℃+tempering at 600 ℃ (process III). The results show that the microstructure of the tested steel is mainly tempered martensite+tempered sorbite+carbide under three heat treatment processes. The difference lies in the pronounced lath structure of the microstructure under process I, with fine carbides dispersed throughout. At this time, the hardness and impact property are high, and the fluctuation of impact absorbed energy is small, and the comprehensive property is good. Under process II, there is a pronounced coarsening of the lath structure in the microstructure, and carbides gather along the grain boundaries, resulting in reduced hardness and deteriorated impact property. Under process III, there is a significant refinement of the grain in the microstructure. However, there is a higher amount of undissolved carbides present, and mixed crystal phenomena occur. As a result, the impact absorbed energy is relatively high but exhibits greater fluctuation. Additionally, there is a noticeable decrease in hardness. Therefore, the optimal heat treatment process for the DH350 die steel is oil quenching at 1030 ℃, followed by tempering at 590 ℃, and tempering at 600 ℃. Under these conditions, the hardness and impact absorbed energy are measured to be 45.1 HRC and 22.4 J, respectively.

Key words: hot work die steel, air cooling quenching, double oil quenching, impact property, hardness

中图分类号:

TG156.31

杜昭阳, 赵杰, 陈献刚, 曹铁山. 淬火工艺对DH350模具钢组织和力学性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2024, 49(2): 16-24.

Du Zhaoyang, Zhao Jie, Chen Xiangang, Cao Tieshan. Effect of quenching process on microstructure and mechanical properties of DH350 die steel[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2024, 49(2): 16-24.

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